{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T21:04:41Z","timestamp":1788383081564,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) caused by biomass smoke (B-COPD) has some differences from tobacco-induced-COPD (T-COPD), but acute exacerbations (AECOPD) have not been well characterized in B-COPD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBJECTIVE:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To compare the incidence, characteristics and outcomes of AECOPD in B-COPD with those of T-COPD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A retrospective observational study that included consecutive patients seen at a specialized COPD clinic (2008\u20132021). The incidence of severe AECOPD that required hospital admission was studied. For the first AECOPD, the following variables were recorded: fever, coexistence of pneumonia, purulent sputum, eosinophil count, neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio, hypercapnia, and respiratory acidosis. Outcome variables were intensive care unit (ICU) admission, length of hospital stay, and mortality within 1 month of hospital admission.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Of 1060 subjects, 195 (18.4%) belonged to the B-COPD group and 865 (81.6%) to the T-COPD group. During a follow-up of 67.9 (37.8\u201398.8) months, 75 (38.4%) patients in the B-COPD group and 319 (36.8%) in the T-COPD group suffered at least one severe AECOPD. The only difference between groups was in a higher risk of ICU admission for the T-COPD group. The incidence, characteristics, and the rest of the outcomes of AECOPD were similar for both groups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSION:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>AECOPD are similar events for B-COPD and T-COPD and should be managed similarly.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/atm.atm_155_22","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,7]],"date-time":"2022-10-07T02:29:39Z","timestamp":1665109779000},"page":"193-198","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Incidence and profile of severe exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease due to biomass smoke or 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