{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,6]],"date-time":"2026-11-06T17:27:55Z","timestamp":1793986075975,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":94,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,16]],"date-time":"2024-10-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1729036800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Adult patients with chronic respiratory diseases (CRDs) are considered high risk group who are more likely to experience worse clinical outcomes if they acquire viral or bacterial infections. Vaccination is the best preventive tool to reduce the risk of infection and disease occurrence and to reduce the level of severity of complications associated with the various vaccine-preventable infections. These guidelines were developed by the Saudi Thoracic Society task force to emphasize the critical importance of improving the vaccine coverage rates in adult patients with CRD. They are intended to serve as a reference for healthcare practitioners managing CRD patients. The guidelines aimed to review the current knowledge related to vaccination efficacy in adult patients with CRD, based on the recent evidence and recommendations. Integrating the administration of the recommended vaccines in routine healthcare, such as during outpatient visits or before hospital discharge, is crucial for improving the vaccination rates in high-risk patients. The key strategies to address this public health priority include simplifying vaccination guidelines to enhance their accessibility and implementation by healthcare providers, increasing awareness in both the patients and healthcare providers that vaccines are not only intended for children. Additional strategies include maintaining continuous surveillance and advance research to discover novel vaccines. This approach aims to expand the range of preventable diseases and improve overall health and well-being. Vaccine hesitancy remains a significant challenge that necessitates a clear understanding of the community concerns. Providing appropriate education and communication, as well as addressing these concerns, are the crucial steps toward improving vaccine acceptance and uptake. By implementing these guidelines and multifaceted strategies, healthcare systems can optimize vaccine coverage and protection for patients with CRD, reduce the burden of vaccine-preventable complications, and improve the clinical outcomes in this vulnerable population.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4103\/atm.atm_202_24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,16]],"date-time":"2024-10-16T02:00:40Z","timestamp":1729044040000},"page":"36-48","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["The Saudi thoracic society guidelines for vaccinations in adult patients with chronic respiratory diseases"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Mohammed","family":"Al Ghobain","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor of Pulmonary Medicine, King Abdulaziz Medical City, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fayssal","family":"Farahat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Director, Community and Public Health, King Abdulaziz Medical City, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammed","family":"Zeitouni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Consultant Pulmonologist, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Waleed","family":"Alsowayan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Consultant Pulmonologist, Security Forces Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sultan","family":"Al-Awfi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Consultant Infectious Diseases, Security Forces Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"AlBarrak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Consultant Infectious Diseases, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shareefah","family":"Al-Basheri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Consultant Pulmonologist, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatmah","family":"Alhabeeb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Consultant Pulmonologist, King Khalid University Hospital, Medical City, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Esam H.","family":"Alhamad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20250314","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(20)30157-0","article-title":"Chronic respiratory diseases: A global view","volume":"8","author":"Labaki","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"key":"R2-20250314","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101936","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.101936","article-title":"Global burden of chronic respiratory diseases and risk factors, 1990-2019: An update from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019","volume":"59","year":"2023","journal-title":"EClinicalMedicine"},{"key":"R3-20250314","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1066804","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2023.1066804","article-title":"Global, regional, and national burden of chronic respiratory diseases and associated risk factors, 1990-2019: Results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019","volume":"10","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)"},{"key":"R4-20250314","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1186\/s12931-022-02187-3","article-title":"The burden of chronic respiratory disease and attributable risk factors in North Africa and Middle East: Findings from global burden of disease study (GBD) 2019","volume":"23","author":"Fallahzadeh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Respir Res"},{"key":"R5-20250314","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e195","DOI":"10.1016\/S2542-5196(20)30075-9","article-title":"The burden of disease in Saudi Arabia 1990-2017: results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017","volume":"4","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Planet Health"},{"key":"R6-20250314","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2020.00213","article-title":"Bacterial community interactions during chronic respiratory disease","volume":"10","author":"Welp","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"key":"R7-20250314","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5708","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2005.07.046","article-title":"A review of vaccine research and development: Human acute respiratory infections","volume":"23","author":"Girard","year":"2005","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"R8-20250314","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"984","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2015-206780","article-title":"Which individuals are at increased risk of pneumococcal disease and why? Impact of COPD, asthma, smoking, diabetes, and\/or chronic heart disease on community-acquired pneumonia and invasive pneumococcal disease","volume":"70","author":"Torres","year":"2015","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"R10-20250314","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ofu024","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofu024","article-title":"Rates of pneumococcal disease in adults with chronic medical conditions","volume":"1","author":"Shea","year":"2014","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect Dis"},{"key":"R11-20250314","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.2147\/CEOR.S65824","article-title":"Costs and health care resource utilization among chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients with newly acquired pneumonia","volume":"6","author":"Lin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clinicoecon Outcomes Res"},{"key":"R12-20250314","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e75887","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0075887","article-title":"Incidence and cost of pneumonia in older adults with COPD in the United States","volume":"8","author":"Ryan","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"R13-20250314","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2012.04.008","article-title":"The natural history of community-acquired pneumonia in COPD patients: A population database analysis","volume":"106","author":"M\u00fcllerova","year":"2012","journal-title":"Respir Med"},{"key":"R14-20250314","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00043710","article-title":"Case fatality of COPD exacerbations: A meta-analysis and statistical modelling approach","volume":"37","author":"Hoogendoorn","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"R15-20250314","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1224","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00109906","article-title":"Exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"29","author":"Celli","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"R16-20250314","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1843.2010.01722.x","article-title":"Prevalence of viral infection detected by PCR and RT-PCR in patients with acute exacerbation of COPD: A systematic review","volume":"15","author":"Mohan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Respirology"},{"key":"R17-20250314","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1148","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-0691.12182","article-title":"Invasive pneumococcal disease in patients with an underlying pulmonary disorder","volume":"19","author":"Inghammar","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"R18-20250314","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"842","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2017.03.033","article-title":"The role of infection in interstitial lung diseases: A review","volume":"152","author":"Azadeh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"R19-20250314","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1843.2010.01774.x","article-title":"A detailed evaluation of acute respiratory decline in patients with fibrotic lung disease: Aetiology and outcomes","volume":"15","author":"Huie","year":"2010","journal-title":"Respirology"},{"key":"R20-20250314","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arbr.2019.12.014","article-title":"The roles of bacteria and viruses in bronchiectasis exacerbation: A prospective study","volume":"56","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arch Bronconeumol (Engl Ed)"},{"key":"R21-20250314","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1556\/2060.2022.00172","article-title":"COVID-19 infection in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: From pathophysiology to therapy. Mini-review","volume":"109","author":"Fekete","year":"2022","journal-title":"Physiol Int"},{"key":"R22-20250314","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2000547","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00547-2020","article-title":"Comorbidity and its impact on 1590 patients with COVID-19 in China: A nationwide analysis","volume":"55","author":"Guan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"R23-20250314","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-021-05915-0","article-title":"Prevalence of comorbidity in Chinese patients with COVID-19: Systematic review and meta-analysis of risk factors","volume":"21","author":"Yin","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"R24-20250314","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S639","DOI":"10.21037\/jtd.2018.12.11","article-title":"Smoking and pulmonary complications: Respiratory prehabilitation","volume":"11","author":"Varga","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Thorac Dis"},{"key":"R25-20250314","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2004474","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.04474-2020","article-title":"Chronic respiratory diseases are predictors of severe outcome in COVID-19 hospitalised patients: A nationwide study","volume":"58","author":"Beltramo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"R26-20250314","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105941","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2020.105941","article-title":"Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is associated with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)","volume":"167","author":"Lippi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Respir Med"},{"key":"R27-20250314","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2179-y","article-title":"Structural basis of receptor recognition by SARS-CoV-2","volume":"581","author":"Shang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"R28-20250314","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-020-04138-6","article-title":"COVID-19: Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) expression and tissue susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection","volume":"40","author":"Beyerstedt","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"R29-20250314","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1749","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa043951","article-title":"Respiratory syncytial virus infection in elderly and high-risk adults","volume":"352","author":"Falsey","year":"2005","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R30-20250314","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1004","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciab595","article-title":"Incidence of respiratory syncytial virus infection among hospitalized adults, 2017-2020","volume":"74","author":"Branche","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"R31-20250314","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1203","DOI":"10.1007\/s12325-020-01230-3","article-title":"A real-world analysis of patient characteristics and predictors of hospitalization among US medicare beneficiaries with respiratory syncytial virus infection","volume":"37","author":"Wyffels","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv Ther"},{"key":"R32-20250314","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4310418","DOI":"10.1155\/2023\/4310418","article-title":"Characteristics, management, and outcomes of community-acquired pneumonia due to respiratory syncytial virus: A retrospective study","volume":"2023","author":"Bahabri","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pulm Med"},{"key":"R33-20250314","first-page":"CD002733","article-title":"Influenza vaccine for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"1","author":"Poole","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"R34-20250314","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1186\/s12890-017-0420-8","article-title":"Seasonal influenza vaccination in patients with COPD: A systematic literature review","volume":"17","author":"Bekkat-Berkani","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Pulm Med"},{"key":"R35-20250314","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1747","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa022678","article-title":"Effectiveness of pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine in older adults","volume":"348","author":"Jackson","year":"2003","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R36-20250314","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1700732","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2018.23.43.1700732","article-title":"Influenza vaccine effectiveness in reducing severe outcomes over six influenza seasons, a case-case analysis, Spain, 2010\/11 to 2015\/16","volume":"23","author":"Godoy","year":"2018","journal-title":"Euro Surveill"},{"key":"R37-20250314","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1159\/000213803","article-title":"Effectiveness of influenza vaccine in the elderly","volume":"42","author":"Nichol","year":"1996","journal-title":"Gerontology"},{"key":"R38-20250314","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"844","DOI":"10.1111\/resp.14309","article-title":"Effectiveness of influenza and pneumococcal vaccines on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbations","volume":"27","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Respirology"},{"key":"R39-20250314","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2008.106286","article-title":"Influenza but not pneumococcal vaccination protects against all-cause mortality in patients with COPD","volume":"64","author":"Schembri","year":"2009","journal-title":"Thora\u00d7"},{"key":"R40-20250314","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4233","DOI":"10.21037\/jtd-20-814","article-title":"Prevalence of influenza and pneumococcal vaccination in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients in association with the occurrence of acute exacerbations","volume":"12","author":"Fekete","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Thorac Dis"},{"key":"R41-20250314","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4284","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2008.05.037","article-title":"Additive effect of pneumococcal vaccine and influenza vaccine on acute exacerbation in patients with chronic lung disease","volume":"26","author":"Furumoto","year":"2008","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"R42-20250314","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101624","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2022.101624","article-title":"Impact of COVID-19 vaccination on the risk of developing long-COVID and on existing long-COVID symptoms: A systematic review","volume":"53","author":"Notarte","year":"2022","journal-title":"EClinicalMedicine"},{"key":"R43-20250314","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e192","DOI":"10.1017\/ash.2022.336","article-title":"The effectiveness of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine in the prevention of post-COVID-19 conditions: A systematic literature review and meta-analysis","volume":"2","author":"Marra","year":"2022","journal-title":"Antimicrob Steward Healthc Epidemiol"},{"key":"R44-20250314","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2200497","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00497-2022","article-title":"Airway immune responses to COVID-19 vaccination in COPD patients and healthy subjects","volume":"60","author":"Southworth","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"R45-20250314","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3791","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12113791","article-title":"The complex association between COPD and COVID-19","volume":"12","author":"Awatade","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"R46-20250314","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1111\/resp.14331","article-title":"Vaccination in patients with COPD: COVID has raised the bar","volume":"27","author":"Waterer","year":"2022","journal-title":"Respirology"},{"key":"R47-20250314","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e75","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(20)30631-9","article-title":"SeroTracker: A global SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence dashboard","volume":"21","author":"Arora","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"R49-20250314","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1021","DOI":"10.4161\/hv.7.10.16849","article-title":"Determinants of influenza vaccination among the adult and older Italian population with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A secondary analysis of the multipurpose ISTAT survey on health and health care use","volume":"7","author":"Chiatti","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hum Vaccin"},{"key":"R50-20250314","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4856","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2022.06.068","article-title":"Pneumococcal vaccination coverage among adults newly diagnosed with underlying medical conditions and regional variation in the U.S","volume":"40","author":"Ostropolets","year":"2022","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"R51-20250314","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.4274\/balkanmedj.2016.1028","article-title":"Influenza and pneumonia vaccination rates and factors affecting vaccination among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"34","author":"Aka","year":"2017","journal-title":"Balkan Med J"},{"key":"R52-20250314","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2007.06.002","article-title":"Determinants of influenza and pneumococcal vaccination in patients with chronic lung diseases","volume":"55","author":"Schoefer","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Infect"},{"issue":"Suppl 4","key":"R58-20250314","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2008.07.048","article-title":"Efficacy and effectiveness of influenza vaccination","volume":"26","author":"Nichol","year":"2008","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"R59-20250314","first-page":"CD002733","article-title":"Influenza vaccine for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)","volume":"6","author":"Kopsaftis","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"R60-20250314","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiz419","article-title":"Influenza vaccine effectiveness in preventing hospitalizations in older patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"221","author":"Gershon","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"R61-20250314","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1459","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciab462","article-title":"Influenza vaccine effectiveness for prevention of severe influenza-associated illness among adults in the United States, 2019-2020: A test-negative study","volume":"73","author":"Grijalva","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"R62-20250314","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00937","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00937-20","article-title":"A new pneumococcal capsule type, 10D, is the 100th serotype and has a large cps fragment from an oral Streptococcus","volume":"11","author":"Ganaie","year":"2020","journal-title":"mBio"},{"key":"R64-20250314","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1453","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199111213252101","article-title":"The protective efficacy of polyvalent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine","volume":"325","author":"Shapiro","year":"1991","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R65-20250314","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"c1004","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.c1004","article-title":"Efficacy of 23-valent pneumococcal vaccine in preventing pneumonia and improving survival in nursing home residents: Double blind, randomised and placebo controlled trial","volume":"340","author":"Maruyama","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"R66-20250314","first-page":"CD000422","article-title":"Vaccines for preventing pneumococcal infection in adults","volume":"2013","author":"Moberley","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"R67-20250314","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2494","article-title":"Maintaining protection against invasive bacteria with protein-polysaccharide conjugate vaccines","volume":"9","author":"Pollard","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"R68-20250314","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1114","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1408544","article-title":"Polysaccharide conjugate vaccine against pneumococcal pneumonia in adults","volume":"372","author":"Bonten","year":"2015","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R69-20250314","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5428","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2021.07.004","article-title":"A phase 3, randomized, double-blind study to evaluate the immunogenicity and safety of 3 lots of 20-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in pneumococcal vaccine-naive adults 18 through 49 years of age","volume":"39","author":"Klein","year":"2021","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"R70-20250314","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7494","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2021.10.032","article-title":"A trial to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of a 20-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in populations of adults\u226565 years of age with different prior pneumococcal vaccination","volume":"39","author":"Cannon","year":"2021","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"R71-20250314","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciab990","article-title":"Pivotal phase 3 randomized clinical trial of the safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity of 20-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in adults aged\u226518 years","volume":"75","author":"Essink","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"R72-20250314","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1240","DOI":"10.1080\/13696998.2022.2152235","article-title":"Cost-effectiveness of 20-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in Denmark compared with PPV23","volume":"25","author":"Olsen","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Med Econ"},{"key":"R73-20250314","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1496","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2016.02.023","article-title":"Efficacy of 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine in preventing community-acquired pneumonia among immunocompetent adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials","volume":"34","author":"Diao","year":"2016","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"R75-20250314","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0186903","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0186903","article-title":"The full benefits of adult pneumococcal vaccination: A systematic review","volume":"12","author":"Cafiero-Fonseca","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"R76-20250314","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1455","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa051642","article-title":"Effect of introduction of the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on drug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae","volume":"354","author":"Kyaw","year":"2006","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R81-20250314","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1007\/s12016-013-8368-9","article-title":"Respiratory syncytial virus \u2013 a comprehensive review","volume":"45","author":"Borchers","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Rev Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"R82-20250314","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.289.2.179","article-title":"Mortality associated with influenza and respiratory syncytial virus in the United States","volume":"289","author":"Thompson","year":"2003","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"R83-20250314","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciy991","article-title":"Severe morbidity and mortality associated with respiratory syncytial virus versus influenza infection in hospitalized older adults","volume":"69","author":"Ackerson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"R84-20250314","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1410","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(01)06528-X","article-title":"Contribution of influenza and respiratory syncytial virus to community cases of influenza-like illness: An observational study","volume":"358","author":"Zambon","year":"2001","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"R85-20250314","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.11.3.430","article-title":"Respiratory syncytial virus vaccines","volume":"11","author":"Dudas","year":"1998","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"R86-20250314","first-page":"3","article-title":"Respiratory syncytial virus: Virology, reverse genetics, and pathogenesis of disease","volume":"372","author":"Collins","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr Top Microbiol Immunol"},{"key":"R87-20250314","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e295","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(18)30292-5","article-title":"The respiratory syncytial virus vaccine landscape: Lessons from the graveyard and promising candidates","volume":"18","author":"Mazur","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"R90-20250314","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2209604","article-title":"Respiratory syncytial virus prefusion F protein vaccine in older adults","volume":"388","author":"Papi","year":"2023","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R91-20250314","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1465","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2213836","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of a bivalent RSV prefusion F vaccine in older adults","volume":"388","author":"Walsh","year":"2023","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R92-20250314","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7229a4","article-title":"Use of respiratory syncytial virus vaccines in older adults: Recommendations of the advisory committee on immunization practices \u2013 United States, 2023","volume":"72","author":"Melgar","year":"2023","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"R96-20250314","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S429","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiab387","article-title":"Herpes zoster vaccines","volume":"224","author":"Harbecke","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"R97-20250314","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1007\/s11940-013-0246-5","article-title":"Complications of varicella zoster virus reactivation","volume":"15","author":"Nagel","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr Treat Options Neurol"},{"key":"R98-20250314","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1983.04050060047007","article-title":"Parainfectious optic neuritis. Report and review following varicella","volume":"40","author":"Selbst","year":"1983","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"R99-20250314","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1031","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022215100076179","article-title":"Herpes zoster of the head and neck","volume":"86","author":"Payten","year":"1972","journal-title":"J Laryngol Otol"},{"key":"R100-20250314","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1445-2197.1986.tb02331.x","article-title":"Segmental abdominal herpes zoster paresis","volume":"56","author":"Tjandra","year":"1986","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Surg"},{"key":"R103-20250314","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7103a2","article-title":"Use of recombinant zoster vaccine in immunocompromised adults aged\u226519 Years: Recommendations of the advisory committee on immunization practices \u2013 United States, 2022","volume":"71","author":"Anderson","year":"2022","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"R104-20250314","first-page":"1","article-title":"Prevention of herpes zoster: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP)","volume":"57","author":"Harpaz","year":"2008","journal-title":"MMWR Recomm Rep"},{"key":"R105-20250314","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1019","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1603800","article-title":"Efficacy of the herpes zoster subunit vaccine in adults 70 years of age or older","volume":"375","author":"Cunningham","year":"2016","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R106-20250314","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2087","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1501184","article-title":"Efficacy of an adjuvanted herpes zoster subunit vaccine in older adults","volume":"372","author":"Lal","year":"2015","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R107-20250314","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6984","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2017.10.067","article-title":"The effectiveness of shingles vaccine among Albertans aged 50 years or older: A retrospective cohort study","volume":"35","author":"McDonald","year":"2017","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"R110-20250314","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/21645515.2021.1976581","article-title":"Safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity of V114, a 15-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, administered concomitantly with influenza vaccine in healthy adults aged\u226550 years: A randomized phase 3 trial (PNEU-FLU)","volume":"18","author":"Severance","year":"2022","journal-title":"Hum Vaccin Immunother"},{"key":"R111-20250314","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4190","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2023.05.002","article-title":"Randomized trial to evaluate the safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity of a booster (third dose) of BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccine coadministered with 20-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in adults\u226565 years old","volume":"41","author":"Fitz-Patrick","year":"2023","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"R112-20250314","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4278","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2018.05.110","article-title":"Immunogenicity and safety of the adjuvanted recombinant zoster vaccine co-administered with the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine in adults\u226550 years of age: A randomized trial","volume":"36","author":"Mar\u00e9chal","year":"2018","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"R113-20250314","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1352","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jix481","article-title":"Immunogenicity and safety of an adjuvanted herpes zoster subunit vaccine coadministered with seasonal influenza vaccine in adults aged 50 years or older","volume":"216","author":"Schwarz","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"R114-20250314","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2021.12.033","article-title":"The adjuvanted recombinant zoster vaccine co-administered with the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in adults aged\u226550 years: A randomized trial","volume":"84","author":"Min","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Infect"},{"key":"R115-20250314","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(21)00557-9","article-title":"Safety and immunogenicity of a high-dose quadrivalent influenza vaccine administered concomitantly with a third dose of the mRNA-1273 SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in adults aged\u226565 years: A phase 2, randomised, open-label study","volume":"10","author":"Izikson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"key":"R116-20250314","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1360","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciad707","article-title":"Safety and Immunogenicity of Bivalent RSVpreF vaccine coadministered with seasonal inactivated influenza vaccine in older adults","volume":"78","author":"Athan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"}],"container-title":["Annals of Thoracic Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/atm.atm_202_24","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T13:22:01Z","timestamp":1787836921000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/atm.atm_202_24"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,16]]},"references-count":94,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/atm.atm_202_24","relation":{},"ISSN":["1817-1737","1998-3557"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1817-1737","type":"print"},{"value":"1998-3557","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-09-24","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-09-24","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}