{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T22:33:04Z","timestamp":1790202784739,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":529,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The Saudi Initiative for Asthma 2024 (SINA-2024) is the sixth version of asthma guidelines for the diagnosis and management of asthma for adults and children that was developed by the SINA group, a subsidiary of the Saudi Thoracic Society. The main objective of the SINA is to have guidelines that are up-to-date, simple to understand, and easy to use by healthcare workers dealing with asthma patients. To facilitate achieving the goals of asthma management, the SINA Panel approach is mainly based on the assessment of symptom control and risk for both adults and children. The approach to asthma management is aligned for age groups: adults, adolescents, children aged 5\u201312 years, and children aged &lt;5 years. SINA guidelines have focused more on personalized approaches reflecting a better understanding of disease heterogeneity with the integration of recommendations related to biologic agents, evidence-based updates on treatment, and the role of immunotherapy in management. The medication appendix has also been updated with the addition of recent evidence, new indications for existing medication, and new medications. The guidelines are constructed based on the available evidence, local literature, and the current situation at national and regional levels. There is also an emphasis on patient\u2013doctor partnership in the management that also includes a self-management plan.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4103\/atm.atm_248_23","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,15]],"date-time":"2023-12-15T01:00:09Z","timestamp":1702602009000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["The Saudi initiative for asthma \u2013 2024 update: Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of asthma in adults and children"],"prefix":"10.4103","author":[{"given":"Mohamed Saad","family":"Al-Moamary","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sami A.","family":"Alhaider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Riyad","family":"Allehebi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Majdy M.","family":"Idrees","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammed O.","family":"Zeitouni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Respiratory Division, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammed O.","family":"Al Ghobain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdullah F.","family":"Alanazi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adel S.","family":"Al-Harbi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdullah A.","family":"Yousef","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hassan S.","family":"Alorainy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed S.","family":"Al-Hajjaj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Care, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1038\/s41533-023-00330-1","article-title":"Key recommendations for primary care from the 2022 Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) update","volume":"33","author":"Levy","year":"2023","journal-title":"NPJ Prim Care Respir Med"},{"key":"R2-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(23)00230-8","article-title":"2023 GINA report for asthma","volume":"11","author":"Venkatesan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"key":"R3-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.15537\/smj.2018.2.20974","article-title":"Asthma prevalence among adults in Saudi Arabia","volume":"39","author":"Al Ghobain","year":"2018","journal-title":"Saudi Med J"},{"key":"R4-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/8102527","article-title":"Time trends and regional variation in prevalence of asthma and associated factors in Saudi Arabia:A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"2018","author":"Mohamed Hussain","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"key":"R5-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.4236\/ojped.2020.102031","article-title":"Barriers of asthma care among asthmatic children in Saudi Arabia:Maternal perspectives","volume":"10","author":"Alatawi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Open J Pediatr"},{"key":"R6-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-018-3306-8","article-title":"Quality of life of the family of children with asthma is not related to asthma severity","volume":"178","author":"Taminskiene","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr"},{"key":"R7-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.4103\/1817-1737.173194","article-title":"Awareness regarding childhood asthma in Saudi Arabia","volume":"11","author":"Al-Harbi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Med"},{"key":"R8-20240128","first-page":"6814","article-title":"Asthma in Saudi Arabia:Risk factors and pharmacotherapy","volume":"6","author":"Hammad","year":"2016","journal-title":"Indo Am J Pharm Res"},{"key":"R9-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"870","DOI":"10.3109\/02770903.2014.906608","article-title":"Caregiver knowledge and its relationship to asthma control among children in Saudi Arabia","volume":"51","author":"BinSaeed","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Asthma"},{"key":"R10-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.3109\/02770903.2013.876649","article-title":"Determinants of asthma control among children in Saudi Arabia","volume":"51","author":"BinSaeed","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Asthma"},{"key":"R11-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1111\/crj.12090","article-title":"Factors associated with poor asthma control among asthmatic patient visiting emergency department","volume":"8","author":"Ahmed","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Respir J"},{"key":"R12-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2466-12-80","article-title":"Factors associated with patient visits to the emergency department for asthma therapy","volume":"12","author":"Al-Jahdali","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMC Pulm Med"},{"key":"R13-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.4103\/atm.atm_348_22","article-title":"The most common pulmonary diseases length of stay, and characteristics of patients admitted to pulmonary service","volume":"18","author":"Al-Jahdali","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Med"},{"key":"R14-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.4103\/1817-1737.152450","article-title":"Factors associated with poor asthma control in the outpatient clinic setting","volume":"10","author":"Al-Zahrani","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Med"},{"key":"R15-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1186\/s40733-017-0038-x","article-title":"Assessment of knowledge and education relating to asthma during pregnancy among women of childbearing age","volume":"4","author":"Al Ghobain","year":"2018","journal-title":"Asthma Res Pract"},{"key":"R16-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.4103\/1817-1737.56001","article-title":"The Saudi initiative for asthma","volume":"4","author":"Al-Moamary","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Med"},{"key":"R17-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.4103\/1817-1737.102166","article-title":"The Saudi initiative for asthma \u20132012 update:Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of asthma in adults and children","volume":"7","author":"Al-Moamary","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Med"},{"key":"R18-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.4103\/1817-1737.173196","article-title":"The Saudi initiative for asthma \u20132016 update:Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of asthma in adults and children","volume":"11","author":"Al-Moamary","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Med"},{"key":"R19-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.4103\/atm.ATM_327_18","article-title":"The Saudi initiative for asthma \u20132019 update:Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of asthma in adults and children","volume":"14","author":"Al-Moamary","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Med"},{"key":"R20-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.4103\/atm.ATM_697_20","article-title":"The Saudi initiative for asthma \u20132021 update:Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of asthma in adults and children","volume":"16","author":"Al-Moamary","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Med"},{"key":"R21-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.320.7234.537","article-title":"Systematic reviews and meta-analyses on treatment of asthma:Critical evaluation","volume":"320","author":"Jadad","year":"2000","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"R22-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)30879-6","article-title":"After asthma:Redefining airways diseases","volume":"391","author":"Pavord","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"R23-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1111\/all.13072","article-title":"Allergy in severe asthma","volume":"72","author":"Del Giacco","year":"2017","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"R24-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.3049","article-title":"The immunology of asthma","volume":"16","author":"Lambrecht","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"R25-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3300","article-title":"Eosinophils in the spotlight:Eosinophilic airway inflammation in nonallergic asthma","volume":"19","author":"Brusselle","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"R26-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1111\/all.12136","article-title":"Three phenotypes of adult-onset asthma","volume":"68","author":"Amelink","year":"2013","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"R27-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1608969","article-title":"Severe and difficult-to-treat asthma in adults","volume":"377","author":"Israel","year":"2017","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R28-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)33311-1","article-title":"Asthma","volume":"391","author":"Papi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"R29-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1375","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2012.05.031","article-title":"Tissue factor-bearing exosome secretion from human mechanically stimulated bronchial epithelial cells in vitro and in vivo","volume":"130","author":"Park","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"R30-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2222.2011.03917.x","article-title":"Lung damage and airway remodelling in severe asthma","volume":"42","author":"Brightling","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Exp Allergy"},{"key":"R31-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1513\/pats.200808-089RM","article-title":"Remodeling in asthma","volume":"6","author":"Bergeron","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc Am Thorac Soc"},{"key":"R32-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2006","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1014350","article-title":"Effect of bronchoconstriction on airway remodeling in asthma","volume":"364","author":"Grainge","year":"2011","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R33-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.4103\/1817-1737.140120","article-title":"Corticosteroids in the treatment of acute asthma","volume":"9","author":"Alangari","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Med"},{"key":"R34-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200807-1126OC","article-title":"START Investigators Group. Severe exacerbations and decline in lung function in asthma","volume":"179","author":"O'Byrne","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"R35-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2011.11.046","article-title":"Recurrent severe exacerbations in early life and reduced lung function at school age","volume":"129","author":"O'Brian","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"R36-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1723","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20160253","article-title":"Pathogenesis of asthma:Implications for precision medicine","volume":"131","author":"Russell","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Sci (Lond)"},{"key":"R37-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201808-1516OC","article-title":"Exacerbation patterns in adults with asthma in England. A population-based study","volume":"199","author":"Bloom","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"R38-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1186\/s40248-019-0172-9","article-title":"Obstructive sleep apnea and comorbidities:A dangerous liaison","volume":"14","author":"Bonsignore","year":"2019","journal-title":"Multidiscip Respir Med"},{"key":"R39-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.4103\/1817-1737.62467","article-title":"Asthma and allergic rhinitis:Linked in treatment and outcomes","volume":"5","author":"Price","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Med"},{"key":"R40-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1097\/MCP.0000000000000640","article-title":"The impact of comorbidities on severe asthma","volume":"26","author":"Rogliani","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr Opin Pulm Med"},{"key":"R41-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1007\/s12016-018-8712-1","article-title":"Understanding asthma phenotypes, endotypes, and mechanisms of disease","volume":"56","author":"Kuruvilla","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Rev Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"R42-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.waojou.2020.100106","article-title":"International expert consensus on the management of allergic rhinitis (AR) aggravated by air pollutants:Impact of air pollution on patients with AR:Current knowledge and future strategies","volume":"13","author":"Naclerio","year":"2020","journal-title":"World Allergy Organ J"},{"key":"R43-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1843.2002.00378.x","article-title":"Chronic cough at a non-teaching hospital:Are extrapulmonary causes overlooked?","volume":"7","author":"Al-Mobeireek","year":"2002","journal-title":"Respirology"},{"key":"R44-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e70","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201908-1590ST","article-title":"Standardization of spirometry 2019 update. An official American thoracic society and European respiratory society technical statement","volume":"200","author":"Graham","year":"2019","journal-title":"American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine"},{"key":"R45-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101903","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2020.101903","article-title":"Determinants of response to bronchodilator in patients with cough variant asthma- a randomized, single-blinded, placebo-controlled study","volume":"61","author":"Yi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pulm Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"R46-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2016.11.037","article-title":"Diagnostic accuracy of fractional exhaled nitric oxide measurement in predicting cough-variant asthma and eosinophilic bronchitis in adults with chronic cough:A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"140","author":"Song","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"R47-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1136\/oemed-2018-105434","article-title":"Performance of specific immunoglobulin E tests for diagnosing occupational asthma:A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"76","author":"Lux","year":"2019","journal-title":"Occup Environ Med"},{"key":"R48-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1398-9995.2006.01308.x","article-title":"Asthma control or severity:That is the question","volume":"62","author":"Humbert","year":"2007","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"R49-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.02221-2016","article-title":"Inducible laryngeal obstruction:An official joint European Respiratory Society and European Laryngological Society statement","volume":"50","author":"Halvorsen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"R50-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1159\/000170380","article-title":"International differences in asthma guidelines for children","volume":"148","author":"Cope","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int Arch Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"R51-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2613","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2019.04.026","article-title":"Patient perceptions of living with severe asthma:Challenges to effective management","volume":"7","author":"Apps","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract"},{"key":"R52-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1080\/02770903.2018.1553050","article-title":"Key factors associated with uncontrolled asthma \u2013The asthma control in Latin America study","volume":"57","author":"Neffen","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Asthma"},{"key":"R53-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1314","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2013.07.003","article-title":"Asthma control measurement using five different questionnaires:A prospective study","volume":"107","author":"Vermeulen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Respir Med"},{"key":"R54-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2006.01.011","article-title":"Asthma control test:Reliability, validity, and responsiveness in patients not previously followed by asthma specialists","volume":"117","author":"Schatz","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"R55-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2003.09.008","article-title":"Development of the asthma control test:A survey for assessing asthma control","volume":"113","author":"Nathan","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"R56-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.4103\/1817-1737.39635","article-title":"Validation of the Arabic version of the asthma control test","volume":"3","author":"Lababidi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Med"},{"key":"R57-20240128","first-page":"546","article-title":"Levels of acceptance of asthma control test questionnaire among Saudi patients attending 5 tertiary care hospitals in Saudi Arabia","volume":"30","author":"Alanezi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Saudi Med J"},{"key":"R58-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2466-12-14","article-title":"Utilization and responsiveness of the asthma control test (ACT) at the initiation of therapy for patients with asthma:A randomized controlled trial","volume":"12","author":"Al Moamary","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMC Pulm Med"},{"key":"R59-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2009.06.053","article-title":"The minimally important difference of the asthma control test","volume":"124","author":"Schatz","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"R60-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101533","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2022.101533","article-title":"Diagnostic accuracy of FeNO in asthma and predictive value for inhaled corticosteroid responsiveness:A prospective, multicentre study","volume":"50","author":"Schneider","year":"2022","journal-title":"EClinicalMedicine"},{"key":"R61-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2006.07.005","article-title":"TENOR Study Group. Recent asthma exacerbations:A key predictor of future exacerbations","volume":"101","author":"Miller","year":"2007","journal-title":"Respir Med"},{"key":"R62-20240128","first-page":"87","article-title":"Characteristics and outcomes of treatment in status asthmaticus patients at emergency department","volume":"37","author":"Amnuaypattanapon","year":"2019","journal-title":"Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"R63-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200801-060ST","article-title":"An official American Thoracic Society\/European Respiratory Society statement:Asthma control and exacerbations:Standardizing endpoints for clinical asthma trials and clinical practice","volume":"180","author":"Reddel","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"R64-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00155307","article-title":"A new perspective on concepts of asthma severity and control","volume":"32","author":"Taylor","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"R65-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00202013","article-title":"International ERS\/ATS guidelines on definition, evaluation and treatment of severe asthma","volume":"43","author":"Chung","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"R66-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1664","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)00331-2","article-title":"Disease-modifying anti-asthmatic drugs","volume":"399","author":"Lommatzsch","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"R67-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1136\/thorax.2003.011858","article-title":"Written action plans for asthma:An evidence-based review of the key components","volume":"59","author":"Gibson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"R69-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1576","DOI":"10.1080\/20479700.2020.1810963","article-title":"A delineation of self-management and associated concepts","volume":"14","author":"Richmond","year":"2021","journal-title":"International Journal of Healthcare Management"},{"key":"R70-20240128","first-page":"8293","article-title":"The burden of asthma among children and adolescents in Saudi Arabia:A national cross-sectional survey","volume":"2772","author":"Elsherif","year":"2022","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"R71-20240128","first-page":"921","article-title":"Recurrent visits and admissions of children with asthma in central Saudi Arabia","volume":"31","author":"Al-Yami","year":"2010","journal-title":"Saudi Med J"},{"key":"R72-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1080\/15398285.2014.982050","article-title":"Online health information needs for patients with asthma in Saudi Arabia","volume":"19","author":"Basyouni","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Consum Health Internet"},{"key":"R73-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e41490","DOI":"10.2196\/41490","article-title":"Digital action plan (web app) for managing asthma exacerbations:Randomized controlled trial","volume":"25","author":"Beydon","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"key":"R74-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1111\/bcpt.13344","article-title":"Pharmaceutical care for adult asthma patients:A controlled intervention one-year follow-up study","volume":"126","author":"Khdour","year":"2020","journal-title":"Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol"},{"key":"R75-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1080\/24694193.2020.1742249","article-title":"Factors associated with acute health care use in children and adolescents with asthma","volume":"44","author":"Dardouri","year":"2021","journal-title":"Compr Child Adolesc Nurs"},{"key":"R76-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2017.04.024","article-title":"NIAID, NIEHS, NHLBI, and MCAN workshop report:The indoor environment and childhood asthma-implications for home environmental intervention in asthma prevention and management","volume":"140","author":"Gold","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"R77-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.4103\/1817-1737.146857","article-title":"The effect of sand storms on acute asthma in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","volume":"10","author":"Alangari","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Med"},{"key":"R78-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1097\/ACI.0000000000000884","article-title":"Update on irritant-induced occupational asthma","volume":"23","author":"Ronsmans","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"R80-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.4103\/1817-1737.167065","article-title":"The Saudi Thoracic Society guidelines for influenza vaccinations","volume":"10","author":"Zeitouni","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Med"},{"key":"R81-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1159\/000506336","article-title":"Influencing factors for influenza vaccination among South Korean adolescents with asthma based on a nationwide cross-sectional study","volume":"181","author":"Kyung","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int Arch Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"R82-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.rr6803a1","article-title":"Prevention and control of seasonal influenza with vaccines:Recommendations of the advisory committee on immunization practices \u2013United States, 2019-20 influenza season","volume":"68","author":"Grohskopf","year":"2019","journal-title":"MMWR Recomm Rep"},{"key":"R83-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.4103\/1817-1737.180030","article-title":"The Saudi Thoracic Society pneumococcal vaccination guidelines-2016","volume":"11","author":"Alharbi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Med"},{"key":"R84-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.62116\/MSJ.2023.32.3.145","article-title":"A paradigm shift in pharmacotherapeutic management of asthma","volume":"32","author":"Penkalski","year":"2023","journal-title":"Medsurg Nurs"},{"key":"R85-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1080\/02770903.2022.2034850","article-title":"Consensus on mild asthma management:Results of a modified Delphi study","volume":"60","author":"Domingo","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Asthma"},{"key":"R86-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(20)30416-1","article-title":"Effect of a single day of increased as-needed budesonide-formoterol use on short-term risk of severe exacerbations in patients with mild asthma:A post-hoc analysis of the SYGMA 1 study","volume":"9","author":"O'Byrne","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"key":"R87-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2010.149773","article-title":"Single maintenance and reliever therapy (SMART) of asthma","volume":"66","author":"Reddel","year":"2011","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"R88-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2009.128504","article-title":"Single maintenance and reliever therapy (SMART) of asthma:A critical appraisal","volume":"65","author":"Chapman","year":"2010","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"R89-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.7748\/ns.20.9.57.s55","article-title":"A proactive approach to asthma","volume":"20","author":"Scullion","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nurs Stand"},{"key":"R90-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1080\/02770903.2019.1663429","article-title":"Medication adherence in patients with asthma using once-daily versus twice-daily ICS\/LABAs","volume":"58","author":"Averell","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Asthma"},{"key":"R91-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1016\/S1081-1206(10)61859-5","article-title":"Levalbuterol:Pharmacologic properties and use in the treatment of pediatric and adult asthma","volume":"90","author":"Berger","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol"},{"key":"R92-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01872-2019","article-title":"Overuse of short-acting \u03b2(2)-agonists in asthma is associated with increased risk of exacerbation and mortality:A nationwide cohort study of the global SABINA programme","volume":"55","author":"Nwaru","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"R93-20240128","first-page":"CD013518","article-title":"Combination fixed-dose beta agonist and steroid inhaler as required for adults or children with mild asthma","volume":"5","author":"Crossingham","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"R94-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2071","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2203163","article-title":"Albuterol-budesonide fixed-dose combination rescue inhaler for asthma","volume":"386","author":"Papi","year":"2022","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R95-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2040","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa063861","article-title":"Rescue use of beclomethasone and albuterol in a single inhaler for mild asthma","volume":"356","author":"Papi","year":"2007","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R96-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1505","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2118813","article-title":"Reliever-triggered inhaled glucocorticoid in black and Latinx adults with asthma","volume":"386","author":"Israel","year":"2022","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R97-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200407-884OC","article-title":"Budesonide\/formoterol combination therapy as both maintenance and reliever medication in asthma","volume":"171","author":"O'Byrne","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"R98-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1877","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1715275","article-title":"As-needed budesonide-formoterol versus maintenance budesonide in mild asthma","volume":"378","author":"Bateman","year":"2018","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R99-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1865","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1715274","article-title":"Inhaled combined budesonide-formoterol as needed in mild asthma","volume":"378","author":"O'Byrne","year":"2018","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R100-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2020","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1901963","article-title":"Controlled trial of budesonide-formoterol as needed for mild asthma","volume":"380","author":"Beasley","year":"2019","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R101-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1804","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.157.6.9708092","article-title":"Risk factors for near-fatal asthma. A case-control study in hospitalized patients with asthma","volume":"157","author":"Turner","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"R102-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2019.04.020","article-title":"Increase in blood eosinophils during follow-up is associated with lung function decline in adult asthma","volume":"152","author":"Graff","year":"2019","journal-title":"Respir Med"},{"key":"R103-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.3109\/02813432.2016.1160629","article-title":"Atopic dermatitis, asthma and allergic rhinitis in general practice and the open population:A systematic review","volume":"34","author":"Pols","year":"2016","journal-title":"Scand J Prim Health Care"},{"key":"R104-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01836-2017","article-title":"Nonadherence in the era of severe asthma biologics and thermoplasty","volume":"51","author":"Lee","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"R105-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1961","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2019.12.002","article-title":"Trajectory analyses of adherence patterns in a real-life moderate to severe asthma population","volume":"8","author":"van Boven","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract"},{"key":"R106-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1895","DOI":"10.1007\/s12325-022-02092-7","article-title":"New versus old:The impact of changing patterns of inhaled corticosteroid prescribing and dosing regimens in asthma management","volume":"39","author":"Singh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Adv Ther"},{"key":"R107-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"886","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2018.01.018","article-title":"Clinician agreement, self-efficacy, and adherence with the guidelines for the diagnosis and management of asthma","volume":"6","author":"Cloutier","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract"},{"key":"R108-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1488","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2018.12.021","article-title":"Assessment of adherence and asthma medication ratio for a once-daily and twice-daily inhaled corticosteroid\/long-acting \u03b2-agonist for asthma","volume":"7","author":"Stanford","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract"},{"key":"R109-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1211","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-020-09259-3","article-title":"Asthma control factors in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries and the effectiveness of ICS\/LABA fixed dose combinations:A dual rapid literature review","volume":"20","author":"Noibi","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"R110-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.1080\/02770903.2019.1591442","article-title":"Inhalation technique and asthma outcomes with different corticosteroid-containing inhaler devices","volume":"57","author":"Jane\u017ei\u010d","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Asthma"},{"key":"R111-20240128","first-page":"23","article-title":"Assessment of educational inhaler technique interventions among community pharmacists:A systematic review","volume":"9","author":"Hussain","year":"2020","journal-title":"Integr Pharm Res Pract"},{"key":"R112-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.4103\/atm.ATM_348_18","article-title":"Asthma control and predictive factors among adults in Saudi Arabia:Results from the epidemiological study on the management of asthma in asthmatic Middle East adult population study","volume":"14","author":"Al-Jahdali","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Med"},{"key":"R113-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1186\/s40733-020-00056-8","article-title":"A nationwide study of asthma correlates among adolescents in Saudi Arabia","volume":"6","author":"Musharrafieh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Asthma Res Pract"},{"key":"R114-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)31948-8","article-title":"Budesonide-formoterol reliever therapy versus maintenance budesonide plus terbutaline reliever therapy in adults with mild to moderate asthma (PRACTICAL):A 52-week, open-label, multicentre, superiority, randomised controlled trial","volume":"394","author":"Hardy","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"R115-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"650","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)62145-9","article-title":"Use of beclomethasone dipropionate as rescue treatment for children with mild persistent asthma (TREXA):A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"377","author":"Martinez","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"R116-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2019.06.030","article-title":"A pragmatic trial of symptom-based inhaled corticosteroid use in African-American children with mild asthma","volume":"8","author":"Sumino","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract"},{"key":"R117-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1065","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2007.12.029","article-title":"Effect of disease duration on dose-response of inhaled budesonide in asthma","volume":"102","author":"Selroos","year":"2008","journal-title":"Respir Med"},{"key":"R118-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1648","DOI":"10.1080\/02770903.2020.1823408","article-title":"Perspectives of general practitioners about a collaborative asthma care model in primary care","volume":"58","author":"Qazi","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Asthma"},{"key":"R119-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1071","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)12891-7","article-title":"Early intervention with budesonide in mild persistent asthma:A randomised, double-blind trial","volume":"361","author":"Pauwels","year":"2003","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"R120-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1041","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2004.023754","article-title":"Initial starting dose of inhaled corticosteroids in adults with asthma:A systematic review","volume":"59","author":"Powell","year":"2004","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"R121-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1278","DOI":"10.18203\/2349-3291.ijcp20172542","article-title":"To evaluate the efficacy of nebulized budesonide compared to oral prednisolone in the management of moderate exacerbation of acute asthma","volume":"4","author":"Sharma","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Contemp Pediatr"},{"issue":"Suppl 49","key":"R122-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1398-9995.1999.tb04391.x","article-title":"How do we monitor asthma control?","volume":"54","author":"Sont","year":"1999","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"R123-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01103-2017","article-title":"The paradoxes of asthma management:Time for a new approach?","volume":"50","author":"O'Byrne","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"R125-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e000217","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjresp-2017-000217","article-title":"Description of the protocol for the PRACTICAL study:A randomised controlled trial of the efficacy and safety of ICS\/LABA reliever therapy in asthma","volume":"4","author":"Fingleton","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMJ Open Respir Res"},{"key":"R126-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)31399-X","article-title":"Should recommendations about starting inhaled corticosteroid treatment for mild asthma be based on symptom frequency:A post-hoc efficacy analysis of the START study","volume":"389","author":"Reddel","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"R127-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1398-9995.2007.01394.x","article-title":"Mild asthma:An expert review on epidemiology, clinical characteristics and treatment recommendations","volume":"62","author":"Dusser","year":"2007","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"R128-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1405","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199711133372001","article-title":"Effect of inhaled formoterol and budesonide on exacerbations of asthma. Formoterol and Corticosteroids Establishing Therapy (FACET) International Study Group","volume":"337","author":"Pauwels","year":"1997","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R129-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00128505","article-title":"The correlation between asthma control and health status:The GOAL study","volume":"29","author":"Bateman","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"R130-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4606","DOI":"10.1007\/s12325-023-02590-2","article-title":"Understanding the clinical implications of individual patient characteristics and treatment choice on the risk of exacerbation in asthma patients with moderate-severe symptoms","volume":"40","author":"Singh","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv Ther"},{"key":"R131-20240128","first-page":"CD006922","article-title":"Inhaled steroids with and without regular salmeterol for asthma:Serious adverse events","volume":"12","author":"Cates","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"R132-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2497","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1716868","article-title":"Combined analysis of asthma safety trials of long-acting \u03b2(2)-agonists","volume":"378","author":"Busse","year":"2018","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R133-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2005.10.012","article-title":"Response profiles to fluticasone and montelukast in mild-to-moderate persistent childhood asthma","volume":"117","author":"Zeiger","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"R134-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1136\/thorax.58.3.204","article-title":"Effect of montelukast added to inhaled budesonide on control of mild to moderate asthma","volume":"58","author":"Vaquerizo","year":"2003","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"R135-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2007.081596","article-title":"Montelukast as add-on therapy to inhaled corticosteroids in the treatment of mild to moderate asthma:A systematic review","volume":"63","author":"Joos","year":"2008","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"R136-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1067\/mai.2002.122635","article-title":"Significant variability in response to inhaled corticosteroids for persistent asthma","volume":"109","author":"Szefler","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"R137-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.2003.tb05167.x","article-title":"Inhaled corticosteroid doses in asthma:An evidence-based approach","volume":"178","author":"Powell","year":"2003","journal-title":"Med J Aust"},{"key":"R138-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(14)70297-8","article-title":"Regular treatment for moderate asthma:Guidelines hold true","volume":"3","author":"Kerstjens","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"key":"R139-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1186\/1465-9921-15-61","article-title":"Tiotropium Respimat\u00aein asthma:A double-blind, randomised, dose-ranging study in adult patients with moderate asthma","volume":"15","author":"Beeh","year":"2014","journal-title":"Respir Res"},{"key":"R140-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.4187\/respcare.02703","article-title":"Tiotropium versus placebo for inadequately controlled asthma:A meta-analysis","volume":"59","author":"Tian","year":"2014","journal-title":"Respir Care"},{"key":"R141-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1473","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2018.2757","article-title":"Association of inhaled corticosteroids and long-acting muscarinic antagonists with asthma control in patients with uncontrolled, persistent asthma:A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"319","author":"Sobieraj","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"R142-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1715","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1008770","article-title":"Tiotropium bromide step-up therapy for adults with uncontrolled asthma","volume":"363","author":"Peters","year":"2010","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R143-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2011.06.004","article-title":"Tiotropium is noninferior to salmeterol in maintaining improved lung function in B16-Arg\/Arg patients with asthma","volume":"128","author":"Bateman","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"R144-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1764","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMe1009429","article-title":"Anticholinergics for patients with asthma?","volume":"363","author":"Smith","year":"2010","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R145-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1169","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp1002074","article-title":"The FDA and safe use of long-acting beta-agonists in the treatment of asthma","volume":"362","author":"Chowdhury","year":"2010","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R146-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.4103\/1817-1737.62468","article-title":"New FDA safety warnings for LABAs:A call for asthma guidelines revisit for solo beta agonist","volume":"5","author":"Koshak","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Med"},{"key":"R147-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00064513","article-title":"Once-daily fluticasone furoate alone or combined with vilanterol in persistent asthma","volume":"43","author":"O'Byrne","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"R148-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1222","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.13-0178","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of fluticasone furoate\/vilanterol compared with fluticasone propionate\/salmeterol combination in adult and adolescent patients with persistent asthma:A randomized trial","volume":"144","author":"Woodcock","year":"2013","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"R149-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1627","DOI":"10.1080\/02770903.2021.1962342","article-title":"Once-daily, single-inhaler indacaterol\/mometasone versus twice-daily salmeterol\/fluticasone in Asian patients with inadequately controlled asthma:Post hoc pooled analysis from PALLADIUM and IRIDIUM studies","volume":"59","author":"Gon","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Asthma"},{"key":"R150-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(20)30178-8","article-title":"Once-daily mometasone plus indacaterol versus mometasone or twice-daily fluticasone plus salmeterol in patients with inadequately controlled asthma (PALLADIUM):A randomised, double-blind, triple-dummy, controlled phase 3 study","volume":"8","author":"van Zyl-Smit","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"key":"R151-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1000","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(20)30190-9","article-title":"Once-daily, single-inhaler mometasone-indacaterol-glycopyrronium versus mometasone-indacaterol or twice-daily fluticasone-salmeterol in patients with inadequately controlled asthma (IRIDIUM):A randomised, double-blind, controlled phase 3 study","volume":"8","author":"Kerstjens","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"key":"R152-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.4103\/atm.atm_341_22","article-title":"When single-inhaler triple therapy is a preferred option in asthma management?","volume":"17","author":"Al-Moamary","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Med"},{"key":"R153-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1105","DOI":"10.1111\/all.15076","article-title":"Single inhaler triple therapy (SITT) in asthma:Systematic review and practice implications","volume":"77","author":"Agusti","year":"2022","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"R154-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2004233","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.04233-2020","article-title":"Triple therapy in uncontrolled asthma:A network meta-analysis of phase III studies","volume":"58","author":"Rogliani","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"R155-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(20)30389-1","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of once-daily single-inhaler triple therapy (FF\/UMEC\/VI) versus FF\/VI in patients with inadequately controlled asthma (CAPTAIN):A double-blind, randomised, phase 3A trial","volume":"9","author":"Lee","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"key":"R156-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"A1930","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2022.08.1598","article-title":"Real-world impact of triple therapy with fluticasone furoate, umeclidinium, and vilanterol on asthma control among US patients with asthma","volume":"162","author":"Bogart","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"R157-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e000856","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjresp-2020-000856","article-title":"Efficacy of one time per day, single-inhaler indacaterol\/glycopyrronium\/mometasone in patients with inadequately controlled asthma:Post hoc analysis of IRIDIUM study in Asian population","volume":"8","author":"Sagara","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ Open Respir Res"},{"key":"R158-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1737","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)32215-9","article-title":"Single inhaler extrafine triple therapy in uncontrolled asthma (TRIMARAN and TRIGGER):Two double-blind, parallel-group, randomised, controlled phase 3 trials","volume":"394","author":"Virchow","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"R159-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2011.04.039","article-title":"Tiotropium improves lung function in patients with severe uncontrolled asthma:A randomized controlled trial","volume":"128","author":"Kerstjens","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"R160-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1198","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1208606","article-title":"Tiotropium in asthma poorly controlled with standard combination therapy","volume":"367","author":"Kerstjens","year":"2012","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R161-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1111\/pai.12759","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of tiotropium in school-age children with moderate-to-severe symptomatic asthma:A systematic review","volume":"28","author":"Rodrigo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pediatr Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"R162-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200603-416OC","article-title":"Clinical trial of low-dose theophylline and montelukast in patients with poorly controlled asthma","volume":"175","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"R163-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1136\/thorax.58.3.211","article-title":"Randomised controlled trial of montelukast plus inhaled budesonide versus double dose inhaled budesonide in adult patients with asthma","volume":"58","author":"Price","year":"2003","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"R165-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2019.08.051","article-title":"inhaled corticosteroids in acute asthma:A systemic review and meta-analysis","volume":"8","author":"Kearns","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract"},{"key":"R166-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"836","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200401-033OC","article-title":"Can guideline-defined asthma control be achieved?The gaining optimal asthma control study","volume":"170","author":"Bateman","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"R167-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100707","DOI":"10.1016\/j.waojou.2022.100707","article-title":"Combining biologics targeting eosinophils (IL-5\/IL-5R), IgE, and IL-4\/IL-13 in allergic and inflammatory diseases","volume":"15","author":"Pitlick","year":"2022","journal-title":"World Allergy Organ J"},{"key":"R168-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pulmoe.2021.07.009","article-title":"Cycling biologic therapy for severe asthma","volume":"28","author":"Hamada","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pulmonology"},{"key":"R169-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.4103\/1817-1737.25866","article-title":"Impact of an extensive Asthma education campaign for physicians on their drug prescription practices","volume":"1","author":"Al-Shimemeri","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Med"},{"key":"R170-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.151.2.7842191","article-title":"Asthma self-management education program by home monitoring of peak expiratory flow","volume":"151","author":"Ignacio-Garcia","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"R171-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1115","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.326.7399.1115","article-title":"Stepping down inhaled corticosteroids in asthma:Randomised controlled trial","volume":"326","author":"Hawkins","year":"2003","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"R172-20240128","first-page":"CD004109","article-title":"High dose versus low dose inhaled corticosteroid as initial starting dose for asthma in adults and children","volume":"2004","author":"Powell","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"R173-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2005.11.030","article-title":"Comparative efficacy of once-daily ciclesonide and budesonide in the treatment of persistent asthma","volume":"100","author":"Boulet","year":"2006","journal-title":"Respir Med"},{"key":"R174-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"724","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2012.11.038","article-title":"The risk of asthma exacerbation after stopping low-dose inhaled corticosteroids:A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"131","author":"Rank","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"R175-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1365","DOI":"10.1001\/archinternmed.2012.3250","article-title":"Long-acting \u03b22-agonist step-off in patients with controlled asthma","volume":"172","author":"Brozek","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"R176-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1843.2004.00635.x","article-title":"Budesonide once versus twice-daily administration:Meta-analysis","volume":"9","author":"Masoli","year":"2004","journal-title":"Respirology"},{"key":"R177-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1186\/1465-9921-7-13","article-title":"Budesonide\/formoterol and formoterol provide similar rapid relief in patients with acute asthma showing refractoriness to salbutamol","volume":"7","author":"Bateman","year":"2006","journal-title":"Respir Res"},{"key":"R178-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.2165\/00128072-200305070-00005","article-title":"Safety of the newer inhaled corticosteroids in childhood asthma","volume":"5","author":"Randell","year":"2003","journal-title":"Paediatr Drugs"},{"key":"R179-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100703","DOI":"10.1016\/j.waojou.2022.100703","article-title":"Extension of mepolizumab injection intervals as potential of saving costs in well controlled patients with severe eosinophilic asthma","volume":"15","author":"B\u00f6lke","year":"2022","journal-title":"World Allergy Organ J"},{"key":"R180-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1111\/bcp.13453","article-title":"A step-down protocol for omalizumab treatment in oral corticosteroid-dependent allergic asthma patients","volume":"84","author":"Domingo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"R181-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"b494","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.b494","article-title":"Difficult to treat asthma in adults","volume":"338","author":"Currie","year":"2009","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"R182-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"950","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2017.03.050","article-title":"Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) guidelines-2016 revision","volume":"140","author":"Bro\u017cek","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"R183-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1398-9995.2006.01254.x","article-title":"TENOR Study Group. Extent, patterns, and burden of uncontrolled disease in severe or difficult-to-treat asthma","volume":"62","author":"Sullivan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"R184-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1322","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.98.12061322","article-title":"Costs of asthma according to the degree of severity","volume":"12","author":"Serra-Batlles","year":"1998","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"R185-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-4733.2007.00229.x","article-title":"Assessing productivity loss and activity impairment in severe or difficult-to-treat asthma","volume":"11","author":"Chen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Value Health"},{"key":"R186-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.4103\/1817-1737.191874","article-title":"Ketamine versus aminophylline for acute asthma in children:A randomized, controlled trial","volume":"11","author":"Tiwari","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Med"},{"key":"R187-20240128","article-title":"The Global Strategy for Asthma Management and Prevention","author":"Asthma","year":"2020"},{"key":"R188-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/20018525.2018.1440868","article-title":"Nordic consensus statement on the systematic assessment and management of possible severe asthma in adults","volume":"5","author":"Porsbjerg","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur Clin Respir J"},{"key":"R189-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1882","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.07-0713","article-title":"Risk factors associated with persistent airflow limitation in severe or difficult-to-treat asthma:Insights from the TENOR study","volume":"132","author":"Lee","year":"2007","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"R190-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1034","DOI":"10.1136\/thorax.57.12.1034","article-title":"Psychological, social and health behaviour risk factors for deaths certified as asthma:A national case-control study","volume":"57","author":"Sturdy","year":"2002","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"R191-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1324","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.06.00022606","article-title":"Risk factors of frequent exacerbations in difficult-to-treat asthma","volume":"27","author":"Butler","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"R192-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"954","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2222.2005.02281.x","article-title":"Risk factors and characteristics associated with severe and difficult to treat asthma phenotype:An analysis of the ENFUMOSA group of patients based on the ECRHS questionnaire","volume":"35","author":"Gaga","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Exp Allergy"},{"key":"R193-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1398-9995.2007.01383.x","article-title":"Association of control and risk of severe asthma-related events in severe or difficult-to-treat asthma patients","volume":"62","author":"Sullivan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"R194-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.03.00017003","article-title":"Systematic assessment of difficult-to-treat asthma","volume":"22","author":"Robinson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"R195-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.4103\/1817-1737.140130","article-title":"Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis:A clinical review of 24 patients:Are we right in frequent serologic monitoring?","volume":"9","author":"Natarajan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Med"},{"key":"R196-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1081\/JAS-200044744","article-title":"Current thinking on the relationship between rhinosinusitis and asthma","volume":"42","author":"Jani","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Asthma"},{"key":"R197-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2016.11.008","article-title":"New concepts in asthma:Clinical phenotypes and pathophysiological mechanisms","volume":"22","author":"Koczulla","year":"2017","journal-title":"Drug Discov Today"},{"key":"R198-20240128","first-page":"1338","article-title":"Efficacy of omalizumab in patients with severe asthma using the asthma health questionnaire and asthma control test","volume":"63","author":"Saji","year":"2014","journal-title":"Arerugi"},{"key":"R199-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.2500\/aap.2012.33.3527","article-title":"Omalizumab and asthma control in patients with moderate-to-severe allergic asthma:A 6-year pragmatic data review","volume":"33","author":"Storms","year":"2012","journal-title":"Allergy Asthma Proc"},{"key":"R200-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01782-2017","article-title":"Care pathways for the selection of a biologic in severe asthma","volume":"50","author":"Bousquet","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"R201-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2010.137414","article-title":"British Thoracic Society Difficult Asthma Network. Refractory asthma in the UK:Cross-sectional findings from a UK multicentre registry","volume":"65","author":"Heaney","year":"2010","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"R202-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3500","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.154.7.3500","article-title":"Differences in binding of glucocorticoid receptor to DNA in steroid-resistant asthma","volume":"154","author":"Adcock","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"R203-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1513\/pats.200402-014MS","article-title":"Corticosteroid resistance in airway disease","volume":"1","author":"Barnes","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proc Am Thorac Soc"},{"key":"R204-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"956","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.54.10.956","article-title":"Pseudo-steroid resistant asthma","volume":"54","author":"Ayres","year":"1999","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"R205-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1016\/S1081-1206(10)60285-2","article-title":"Comparison of guideline-based control definitions and associations with outcomes in severe or difficult-to-treat asthma","volume":"101","author":"Campbell","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol"},{"key":"R206-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)31281-3","article-title":"Effect of azithromycin on asthma exacerbations and quality of life in adults with persistent uncontrolled asthma (AMAZES):A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"390","author":"Gibson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"R207-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1901381","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01381-2019","article-title":"Does maintenance azithromycin reduce asthma exacerbations?An individual participant data meta-analysis","volume":"54","author":"Hiles","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"R208-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2010.09.034","article-title":"Allergen immunotherapy:A practice parameter third update","volume":"127","author":"Cox","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"R209-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1825","DOI":"10.1111\/all.13208","article-title":"Allergen immunotherapy for allergic asthma:A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"72","author":"Dhami","year":"2017","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"R210-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18176\/jiaci.0149","article-title":"Specific allergen immunotherapy for the treatment of allergic asthma:A review of current evidence","volume":"27","author":"Dominguez-Ortega","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol"},{"key":"R211-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2016.11.024","article-title":"The potential role of allergen immunotherapy in stepping down asthma treatment","volume":"5","author":"Demoly","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract"},{"key":"R212-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1398-9995.2007.01451.x","article-title":"Specific immunotherapy has long-term preventive effect of seasonal and perennial asthma:10-year follow-up on the PAT study","volume":"62","author":"Jacobsen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"issue":"(s5)","key":"R213-20240128","article-title":"Allergen-specific immunotherapy in the treatment of pediatric asthma:A systematic review","volume":"141","author":"Rice","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"R214-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E373","DOI":"10.9778\/cmajo.20160066","article-title":"Allergen immunotherapy for the treatment of allergic rhinitis and\/or asthma:An umbrella review","volume":"5","author":"Elliott","year":"2017","journal-title":"CMAJ Open"},{"key":"R215-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.163.1.9910042","article-title":"Are asthma medications and management related to deaths from asthma?","volume":"163","author":"Abramson","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"R216-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1016\/S1081-1206(10)60200-1","article-title":"Risk factors for death in adults with severe asthma","volume":"101","author":"Omachi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol"},{"key":"R217-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"846","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.02.00241502","article-title":"High Risk Asthma Research Group. Frequency and clinical characteristics of rapid-onset fatal and near-fatal asthma","volume":"19","author":"Plaza","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"R218-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2019.00246","article-title":"Epidemiology of asthma in children and adults","volume":"7","author":"Dharmage","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Pediatr"},{"key":"R219-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1186\/s12890-017-0409-3","article-title":"The frequency of asthma exacerbations and healthcare utilization in patients with asthma from the UK and USA","volume":"17","author":"Suruki","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Pulm Med"},{"key":"R220-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpam.2019.02.004","article-title":"The prevalence of childhood asthma in Saudi Arabia","volume":"6","author":"Alahmadi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Adolesc Med"},{"key":"R221-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.4103\/atm.ATM_258_18","article-title":"Fatal and near-fatal thunderstorm asthma epidemic in a desert country","volume":"14","author":"Ali","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Med"},{"key":"R222-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1097\/ACI.0000000000000333","article-title":"Near-fatal asthma:A heterogeneous clinical entity","volume":"17","author":"Serrano-Pariente","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"R223-20240128","first-page":"116","article-title":"Near fatal asthma:treatment and prevention","volume":"48","author":"D'Amato","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur Ann Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"R224-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.4103\/1817-1737.124441","article-title":"Risk factors, management and outcomes of patients admitted with near fatal asthma to a tertiary care hospital in Riyadh","volume":"9","author":"Al-Dorzi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Med"},{"key":"R225-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2016.06.054","article-title":"Acute asthma, prognosis, and treatment","volume":"139","author":"Fergeson","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"R226-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.5144\/0256-4947.2002.29","article-title":"Pattern and risk factors associated with hospital emergency visits among schoolboys with bronchial asthma in Al-Khobar","volume":"22","author":"Al-Dawood","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ann Saudi Med"},{"key":"R227-20240128","first-page":"309","article-title":"Hypokalaemic and electrocardiographic effects of aminophylline and salbutamol in obstructive airways disease","volume":"100","author":"Crane","year":"1987","journal-title":"N Z Med J"},{"key":"R228-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1016\/S1081-1206(10)62832-3","article-title":"Risk factors for death from asthma. Prairie provinces asthma study group","volume":"83","author":"Hessel","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol"},{"key":"R229-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.162.2.9907151","article-title":"The effect of age and duration of disease on airway structure in fatal asthma","volume":"162","author":"Bai","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"R230-20240128","first-page":"CD000052","article-title":"Holding chambers (spacers) versus nebulisers for beta-agonist treatment of acute asthma","author":"Cates","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"R231-20240128","article-title":"Holding chamber versus nebulisers for beta-agonist treatment of acute asthma (Cochrane Review)","volume":"(3)","author":"Gates","year":"2003","journal-title":"The Cochrane Library"},{"key":"R232-20240128","first-page":"365","article-title":"Emergency therapy of asthma:Comparison of the acute effects of parenteral and inhaled sympathomimetics and infused aminophylline","volume":"122","author":"Rossing","year":"1980","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"R233-20240128","first-page":"CD002178","article-title":"Early emergency department treatment of acute asthma with systemic corticosteroids","author":"Rowe","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"R234-20240128","article-title":"Early emergency department treatment of acute asthma with systemic corticosteroids","volume":"2010","author":"Rowe","year":"1996","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"key":"R235-20240128","first-page":"351","article-title":"Pharmacotherapy in the emergency department, hospital floor, and intensive care unit","volume":"212","author":"Vinayak","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lung Biol Health Dis"},{"issue":"Suppl 6","key":"R236-20240128","first-page":"i1","article-title":"British Thoracic Society. BTS guideline for emergency oxygen use in adult patients","volume":"63","author":"O'Driscoll","year":"2008","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"R237-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"728","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.117.3.728","article-title":"Uncontrolled oxygen administration and respiratory failure in acute asthma","volume":"117","author":"Chien","year":"2000","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"R238-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.40.3.180","article-title":"Nebulised salbutamol without oxygen in severe acute asthma:How effective and how safe?","volume":"40","author":"Douglas","year":"1985","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"R239-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.114.2.365","article-title":"The effect of adding ipratropium bromide to salbutamol in the treatment of acute asthma:A pooled analysis of three trials","volume":"114","author":"Lanes","year":"1998","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"R240-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(00)00298-9","article-title":"Meta-analysis of the effects of ipratropium bromide in adults with acute asthma","volume":"108","author":"Chassany","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"R241-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(99)00243-0","article-title":"A meta-analysis of the effects of ipratropium bromide in adults with acute asthma","volume":"107","author":"Rodrigo","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"R242-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-0644(99)70266-0","article-title":"The role of ipratropium bromide in the emergency management of acute asthma exacerbation:A metaanalysis of randomized clinical trials","volume":"34","author":"Stoodley","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"key":"R243-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1710988","article-title":"Quintupling inhaled glucocorticoids to prevent childhood asthma exacerbations","volume":"378","author":"Jackson","year":"2018","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R244-20240128","first-page":"CD001284","article-title":"Combined inhaled beta-agonist and anticholinergic agents for emergency management in adults with asthma","volume":"1","author":"Kirkland","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"R245-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2578","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2021.05.016","article-title":"Prevention and treatment of asthma exacerbations in adults","volume":"9","author":"Menzies-Gow","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract"},{"key":"R246-20240128","first-page":"CD000195","article-title":"Corticosteroids for preventing relapse following acute exacerbations of asthma","author":"Rowe","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"R247-20240128","first-page":"CD001490","article-title":"Magnesium sulfate for treating exacerbations of acute asthma in the emergency department","volume":"2000","author":"Camargo","year":"2000","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"R248-20240128","first-page":"CD010909","article-title":"Intravenous magnesium sulfate for treating adults with acute asthma in the emergency department","author":"Kew","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"R249-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.110.1.42","article-title":"Continuous versus intermittent albuterol, at high and low doses, in the treatment of severe acute asthma in adults","volume":"110","author":"Shrestha","year":"1996","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"R250-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1513\/pats.P09ST2","article-title":"Managing asthma exacerbations in the emergency department:Summary of the National Asthma Education and Prevention Program Expert Panel Report 3 guidelines for the management of asthma exacerbations","volume":"6","author":"Camargo","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc Am Thorac Soc"},{"key":"R251-20240128","article-title":"Early emergency department treatment of acute asthma with systemic corticosteroids","volume":"2010","author":"Rowe","year":"1996","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"R252-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1069","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.323.7320.1069","article-title":"Oxygen treatment for acute severe asthma. Home oxygenation would be more effective","volume":"323","author":"Tokuda","year":"2001","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"R253-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1654","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2007.122465","article-title":"The association between gastro-oesophageal reflux disease and asthma:A systematic review","volume":"56","author":"Havemann","year":"2007","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"R254-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2016.91","article-title":"Respiratory disease and the oesophagus:Reflux, reflexes and microaspiration","volume":"13","author":"Houghton","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"R255-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1551","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMe0900117","article-title":"Silent acid reflux and asthma control","volume":"360","author":"Asano","year":"2009","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R256-20240128","first-page":"CD001496","article-title":"Pharmacological and surgical interventions for the treatment of gastro-oesophageal reflux in adults and children with asthma","volume":"5","author":"Kopsaftis","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"R257-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e043860","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-043860","article-title":"Randomised trials of proton pump inhibitors for gastro-oesophageal reflux disease in patients with asthma:An updated systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"11","author":"Zheng","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"Suppl 84","key":"R258-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1398-9995.2007.01551.x","article-title":"Common characteristics of upper and lower airways in rhinitis and asthma:ARIA update, in collaboration with GA(2)LEN","volume":"62","author":"Cruz","year":"2007","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"R259-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2003.11.034","article-title":"Rhinitis therapy and the prevention of hospital care for asthma:A case-control study","volume":"113","author":"Corren","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"R260-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2014.06.038","article-title":"Efficacy of nasal mometasone for the treatment of chronic sinonasal disease in patients with inadequately controlled asthma","volume":"135","author":"Dixon","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"R261-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1758","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.23130","article-title":"Management paradigms for chronic rhinosinusitis in individuals with asthma:An evidence-based review with recommendations","volume":"13","author":"Gill","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int Forum Allergy Rhinol"},{"key":"R262-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2018.02.004","article-title":"Obesity and asthma","volume":"141","author":"Peters","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"R263-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.1136\/thorax-2022-219268","article-title":"Effect of obesity on airway and systemic inflammation in adults with asthma:A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"78","author":"Scott","year":"2023","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"R264-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1398-9995.2005.00953.x","article-title":"Are overweight asthmatics more difficult to control?","volume":"61","author":"Saint-Pierre","year":"2006","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"R265-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"820","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2014.09.016","article-title":"Peripheral airways dysfunction in obesity reflects increased bronchomotor tone","volume":"135","author":"Desai","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"R266-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1111\/cea.12004","article-title":"Dietary restriction and exercise improve airway inflammation and clinical outcomes in overweight and obese asthma:A randomized trial","volume":"43","author":"Scott","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Exp Allergy"},{"key":"R267-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1111\/all.12106","article-title":"Weight loss interventions in asthma:EAACI evidence-based clinical practice guideline (part I)","volume":"68","author":"Moreira","year":"2013","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"R268-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2011.12.012","article-title":"Effect of bariatric surgery on airway response and lung function in obese subjects with asthma","volume":"106","author":"Boulet","year":"2012","journal-title":"Respir Med"},{"key":"R269-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1524","DOI":"10.12659\/MSM.907284","article-title":"WeChat public account use improves clinical control of cough-variant asthma:A randomized controlled trial","volume":"24","author":"Cao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Med Sci Monit"},{"key":"R270-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2016.04.008","article-title":"Evidence-based evaluation and management of chronic cough","volume":"100","author":"Achilleos","year":"2016","journal-title":"Med Clin North Am"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"R271-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"i1","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2006.065144","article-title":"British Thoracic Society Cough Guideline Group. Recommendations for the management of cough in adults","volume":"61","author":"Morice","year":"2006","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"R272-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1016\/S1081-1206(10)61493-7","article-title":"Effectiveness of montelukast in the treatment of cough variant asthma","volume":"93","author":"Spector","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol"},{"key":"R273-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otc.2009.11.006","article-title":"Cough due to asthma, cough-variant asthma and non-asthmatic eosinophilic bronchitis","volume":"43","author":"Desai","year":"2010","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Clin North Am"},{"key":"R274-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1740","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2019.04.048","article-title":"Cough and eosinophilia","volume":"7","author":"Diver","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract"},{"key":"R275-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1292","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2016.05.029","article-title":"Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction update-2016","volume":"138","author":"Weiler","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"R276-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1186\/s12890-019-0845-3","article-title":"Predictors and reproducibility of exercise-induced bronchoconstriction in cold air","volume":"19","author":"Dre\u00dfler","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Pulm Med"},{"key":"R277-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1016","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201303-0437ST","article-title":"An official American Thoracic Society clinical practice guideline:Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction","volume":"187","author":"Parsons","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"R278-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2013-203557","article-title":"Combination of budesonide\/formoterol on demand improves asthma control by reducing exercise-induced bronchoconstriction","volume":"69","author":"Lazarinis","year":"2014","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"R279-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcibr1514013","article-title":"Aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease \u2013New prime suspects","volume":"374","author":"Laidlaw","year":"2016","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R280-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2014.08.020","article-title":"Prevalence of aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease among asthmatic patients:A meta-analysis of the literature","volume":"135","author":"Rajan","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"R281-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"828","DOI":"10.1111\/all.12629","article-title":"NSAID-exacerbated respiratory disease:A meta-analysis evaluating prevalence, mean provocative dose of aspirin and increased asthma morbidity","volume":"70","author":"Morales","year":"2015","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"R282-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.1067\/mai.2003.1487","article-title":"Aspirin-induced asthma:Advances in pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management","volume":"111","author":"Szczeklik","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"R283-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1060","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1712125","article-title":"Aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease","volume":"379","author":"White","year":"2018","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R284-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2201","DOI":"10.1002\/art.10426","article-title":"The safety of celecoxib in patients with aspirin-sensitive asthma","volume":"46","author":"Woessner","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"R285-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2013.10.057","article-title":"Safety risks for patients with aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease after acute exposure to selective nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and COX-2 inhibitors:Meta-analysis of controlled clinical trials","volume":"134","author":"Morales","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"R286-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"764","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2016.09.025","article-title":"Aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease:Mediators and mechanisms of a clinical disease","volume":"139","author":"Cahill","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"R287-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.4168\/aair.2010.2.1.48","article-title":"Protection of leukotriene receptor antagonist against aspirin-induced bronchospasm in asthmatics","volume":"2","author":"Park","year":"2010","journal-title":"Allergy Asthma Immunol Res"},{"key":"R288-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2672","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2019.05.043","article-title":"Poorly controlled asthma during pregnancy remains common in the United States","volume":"7","author":"Cohen","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract"},{"key":"R289-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2017.08.029","article-title":"Asthma outcomes and management during pregnancy","volume":"153","author":"Bonham","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"R290-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2005.049718","article-title":"Asthma exacerbations during pregnancy:Incidence and association with adverse pregnancy outcomes","volume":"61","author":"Murphy","year":"2006","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"R291-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2014-206634","article-title":"Asthma exacerbations during the first trimester of pregnancy and congenital malformations:Revisiting the association in a large representative cohort","volume":"70","author":"Blais","year":"2015","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"R292-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.05.00085704","article-title":"Asthma during pregnancy:Mechanisms and treatment implications","volume":"25","author":"Murphy","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"R293-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijoa.2005.05.005","article-title":"Acute severe asthma presenting in late pregnancy","volume":"15","author":"Holland","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int J Obstet Anesth"},{"key":"R294-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S319","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000182789.14710.A1","article-title":"Acute asthma in pregnancy","volume":"33","author":"Hanania","year":"2005","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"R295-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1345\/aph.1P764","article-title":"Systematic review of the safety of regular preventive asthma medications during pregnancy","volume":"45","author":"Lim","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann Pharmacother"},{"key":"R296-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1111\/all.14282","article-title":"Biologicals in atopic disease in pregnancy:An EAACI position paper","volume":"76","author":"Pfaller","year":"2021","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"R297-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2014.08.025","article-title":"The xolair pregnancy registry (EXPECT):The safety of omalizumab use during pregnancy","volume":"135","author":"Namazy","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"R298-20240128","first-page":"809","article-title":"Is it safe to use inhaled corticosteroids in pregnancy?","volume":"60","author":"Smy","year":"2014","journal-title":"Can Fam Physician"},{"key":"R299-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1191\/0960327106het647oa","article-title":"Meta-analysis finds use of inhaled corticosteroids during pregnancy safe:A systematic meta-analysis review","volume":"25","author":"Rahimi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Hum Exp Toxicol"},{"key":"R300-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iac.2005.10.008","article-title":"The effect of pregnancy on the course of asthma","volume":"26","author":"Gluck","year":"2006","journal-title":"Immunol Allergy Clin North Am"},{"key":"R301-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2015.12.066","article-title":"Risk of asthma from cesarean delivery depends on membrane rupture","volume":"171","author":"Sevelsted","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"R302-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anclin.2017.01.007","article-title":"Uterotonic medications:Oxytocin, methylergonovine, carboprost, misoprostol","volume":"35","author":"Vallera","year":"2017","journal-title":"Anesthesiol Clin"},{"key":"R303-20240128","first-page":"237","article-title":"Successful pregnancy outcome among women with end-stage renal disease requiring haemodialysis","volume":"107","author":"Arora","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Indian Med Assoc"},{"key":"R304-20240128","first-page":"731","article-title":"Occupational asthma case finding:A role for primary care","volume":"54","author":"Levy","year":"2004","journal-title":"Br J Gen Pract"},{"key":"R305-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1183\/09059180.00004711","article-title":"The management of work-related asthma guidelines:A broader perspective","volume":"21","author":"Baur","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur Respir Rev"},{"key":"R306-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1183\/09059180.00002912","article-title":"Management of work-related asthma:Guidelines and challenges","volume":"21","author":"Legiest","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur Respir Rev"},{"key":"R307-20240128","first-page":"4355","article-title":"Global strategy for asthma management and prevention:Interpretation of the updates in 2022","volume":"25","author":"Chang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chin Gen Pract"},{"key":"R308-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"836","DOI":"10.1111\/resp.13780","article-title":"Identification and definition of asthma-COPD overlap:The CanCOLD study","volume":"25","author":"Barrecheguren","year":"2020","journal-title":"Respirology"},{"key":"R309-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1111\/crj.12013","article-title":"High hospital burden in overlap syndrome of asthma and COPD","volume":"7","author":"Anders\u00e9n","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Respir J"},{"key":"R310-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1252","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.201902-126OC","article-title":"Effectiveness and safety of inhaled corticosteroids in older individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and\/or asthma. A population study","volume":"16","author":"Kendzerska","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann Am Thorac Soc"},{"key":"R311-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2008.09.022","article-title":"Asthma in seniors:Part 1. Evidence for underdiagnosis, undertreatment, and increasing morbidity and mortality","volume":"122","author":"Stupka","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"R312-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.3109\/02770903.2012.684252","article-title":"Asthma prevalence among US elderly by age groups:Age still matters","volume":"49","author":"Oraka","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Asthma"},{"key":"R313-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)61087-2","article-title":"Asthma in older adults","volume":"376","author":"Gibson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"R314-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1016\/S1081-1206(10)60907-6","article-title":"Asthma in older adults:Observations from the epidemiology and natural history of asthma:Outcomes and treatment regimens (TENOR) study","volume":"96","author":"Slavin","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol"},{"key":"R315-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"736","DOI":"10.1016\/S1081-1206(10)61074-5","article-title":"Use of nebulized inhaled corticosteroids among older adult patients:An assessment of outcomes","volume":"96","author":"Marcus","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol"},{"key":"R316-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2010.05.035","article-title":"Asthma in the elderly:Diagnosis and management","volume":"126","author":"Reed","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"R317-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e70","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201908-1590ST","article-title":"Standardization of spirometry 2019 update. An official American Thoracic Society and European Respiratory Society technical statement","volume":"200","author":"Graham","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"R318-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2018.01.023","article-title":"Taming asthma in school-aged children:A comprehensive review","volume":"6","author":"Naja","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract"},{"key":"R319-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2006.10.015","article-title":"Guideline-defining asthma clinical trials of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood institute's asthma clinical research network and childhood asthma research and education network","volume":"119","author":"Denlinger","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"R320-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2018.00186","article-title":"The Burden of pediatric asthma","volume":"6","author":"Ferrante","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Pediatr"},{"key":"R321-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.23541","article-title":"Misdiagnosis of asthma in schoolchildren","volume":"52","author":"Yang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pediatr Pulmonol"},{"key":"R322-20240128","first-page":"52","article-title":"The role of objective tests to support a diagnosis of asthma in children","volume":"33","author":"Danvers","year":"2020","journal-title":"Paediatr Respir Rev"},{"key":"R323-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2017.01.005","article-title":"Clinical mimics:An emergency medicine-focused review of asthma mimics","volume":"53","author":"Kann","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Emerg Med"},{"key":"R324-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1399-3038.2003.00098.x","article-title":"Chest X-ray investigation in newly discovered asthma","volume":"15","author":"Hederos","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pediatr Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"R326-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aller.2019.06.003","article-title":"Asthma prevalence and risk factors in school children:The RESPIR longitudinal study","volume":"48","author":"Alfonso","year":"2020","journal-title":"Allergol Immunopathol (Madr)"},{"key":"R327-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpam.2019.02.003","article-title":"Wheezing in children:Approaches to diagnosis and management","volume":"6","author":"Al-Shamrani","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Adolesc Med"},{"key":"R328-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"878","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2011.01.057","article-title":"Phenotypic expressions of childhood wheezing and asthma:Implications for therapy","volume":"158","author":"Chipps","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"R329-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"822","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.163.4.2005049","article-title":"\u201cReactive airways disease\u201d. A lazy term of uncertain meaning that should be abandoned","volume":"163","author":"Fahy","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"R330-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1211","DOI":"10.1176\/ps.2008.59.10.1211","article-title":"Predictors of major depression six months after admission for outpatient treatment","volume":"59","author":"Weinberger","year":"2008","journal-title":"Psychiatr Serv"},{"key":"R331-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.2217\/17455111.2.5.631","article-title":"Pediatric asthma and related allergic and nonallergic diseases:Patient-oriented evidence-based essentials that matter","volume":"2","author":"Weinberger","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pediatr Health"},{"key":"R332-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1479","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2013.02.036","article-title":"Endotypes and phenotypes of chronic rhinosinusitis:A PRACTALL document of the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology and the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma &Immunology","volume":"131","author":"Akdis","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"R333-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.4103\/1817-1737.151437","article-title":"Clinical description of human bocavirus viremia in children with LRTI, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia","volume":"10","author":"Bubshait","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Med"},{"key":"R334-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1038\/s41390-020-01231-6","article-title":"Defining pediatric asthma:Phenotypes to endotypes and beyond","volume":"90","author":"Conrad","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"key":"R336-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2012.05.007","article-title":"Predicting who will have asthma at school age among preschool children","volume":"130","author":"Savenije","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"R337-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anai.2022.01.030","article-title":"Treatment by biomarker-informed endotype vs guideline care in children with difficult-to-treat asthma","volume":"128","author":"Guilbert","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol"},{"key":"R338-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iac.2016.03.004","article-title":"Biomarkers in severe asthma","volume":"36","author":"Wan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Immunol Allergy Clin North Am"},{"key":"R339-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2012.02.041","article-title":"Novel severe wheezy young children phenotypes:Boys atopic multiple-trigger and girls nonatopic uncontrolled wheeze","volume":"130","author":"Just","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"R340-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1282","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2004.09.020","article-title":"Atopic characteristics of children with recurrent wheezing at high risk for the development of childhood asthma","volume":"114","author":"Guilbert","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"R341-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2010.06.032","article-title":"The asthma predictive index:A very useful tool for predicting asthma in young children","volume":"126","author":"Castro-Rodriguez","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"R342-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2012.10.008","article-title":"Evaluation of the modified asthma predictive index in high-risk preschool children","volume":"1","author":"Chang","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract"},{"key":"R343-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.21321","article-title":"Global strategy for the diagnosis and management of asthma in children 5 years and younger","volume":"46","author":"Pedersen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pediatr Pulmonol"},{"key":"R344-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.4103\/1817-1737.118502","article-title":"Pediatric pulmonary services in Saudi Arabia","volume":"8","author":"Yousef","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Med"},{"key":"R345-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2005-2576","article-title":"Assessment of asthma severity and asthma control in children","volume":"118","author":"Yawn","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"R346-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e20170092","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2017-0092","article-title":"International variation in asthma and bronchiolitis guidelines","volume":"140","author":"Bakel","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"R347-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2006.12.662","article-title":"Development and cross-sectional validation of the childhood asthma control test","volume":"119","author":"Liu","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"R348-20240128","first-page":"CD008469","article-title":"Home-based educational interventions for children with asthma","volume":"2011","author":"Welsh","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"R349-20240128","first-page":"CD000326","article-title":"Educational interventions for asthma in children","author":"Wolf","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"R350-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pedn.2010.06.009","article-title":"Making education count:The nurse's role in asthma education using a medical home model of care","volume":"26","author":"Wood","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Pediatr Nurs"},{"key":"R351-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"724","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2010.11.001","article-title":"Nutrients and foods for the primary prevention of asthma and allergy:Systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"127","author":"Nurmatov","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"R352-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0b013e31824d5da2","article-title":"Probiotics supplementation during pregnancy or infancy for the prevention of atopic dermatitis:A meta-analysis","volume":"23","author":"Pelucchi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"R353-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1160","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201304-0649ED","article-title":"Maternal distress and childhood wheeze:Mechanisms and context","volume":"187","author":"Kozyrskyj","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"R354-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e20163000","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2016-3000","article-title":"Early probiotic supplementation for eczema and asthma prevention:A randomized controlled trial","volume":"140","author":"Cabana","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"R355-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2018-211909","article-title":"Effectiveness of school-based self-management interventions for asthma among children and adolescents:Findings from a Cochrane systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"74","author":"Kneale","year":"2019","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"R357-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpam.2020.07.001","article-title":"Approach to childhood asthma in the era of COVID-19:The official statement endorsed by the Saudi Pediatric Pulmonology Association (SPPA)","volume":"7","author":"Al-Shamrani","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Adolesc Med"},{"key":"R358-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1080\/02770900500446989","article-title":"Oral beta2-agonist use by preschool children with asthma in East and Central Harlem, New York","volume":"43","author":"Bonner","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Asthma"},{"key":"R359-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2583","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.285.20.2583","article-title":"Long-acting beta2-agonist monotherapy versus continued therapy with inhaled corticosteroids in patients with persistent asthma:A randomized controlled trial","volume":"285","author":"Lazarus","year":"2001","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"R360-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e87","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.113.2.e87","article-title":"Twelve-month safety and efficacy of inhaled fluticasone propionate in children aged 1 to 3 years with recurrent wheezing","volume":"113","author":"Bisgaard","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"R361-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"866","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.109.5.866","article-title":"Nebulized budesonide inhalation suspension compared with cromolyn sodium nebulizer solution for asthma in young children:Results of a randomized outcomes trial","volume":"109","author":"Leflein","year":"2002","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"Suppl 4","key":"R362-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S266","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2018-2420NNNN","article-title":"Association of inhaled corticosteroids and long-acting \u03b2-agonists as controller and quick relief therapy with exacerbations and symptom control in persistent asthma:A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"142","author":"Goldsobel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"R363-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1485","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2018.2769","article-title":"Association of inhaled corticosteroids and long-acting \u03b2-agonists as controller and quick relief therapy with exacerbations and symptom control in persistent asthma:A Systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"319","author":"Sobieraj","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"R364-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2023.01.010","article-title":"\u201cAs-needed\u201dinhaled corticosteroids for patients with asthma","volume":"11","author":"Cardet","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract"},{"key":"R365-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2005.01.007","article-title":"Effects of a short-course of amoxicillin\/clavulanic acid on systemic and mucosal immunity in healthy adult humans","volume":"5","author":"Dufour","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol"},{"key":"R366-20240128","first-page":"CD002738","article-title":"Inhaled beclomethasone versus placebo for chronic asthma","author":"Adams","year":"2000","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"R367-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1047","DOI":"10.1002\/ebch.1984","article-title":"Cochrane in context:Inhaled corticosteroids in children with persistent asthma:Effects on growth and dose-response effects on growth","volume":"9","author":"Zhang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Evid Based Child Health"},{"key":"R368-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1002\/ebch.1989","article-title":"Inhaled corticosteroids in children with persistent asthma:Dose-response effects on growth","volume":"9","author":"Pruteanu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Evid Based Child Health"},{"key":"R369-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00148-2017","article-title":"Neuropsychiatric adverse drug reactions in children initiated on montelukast in real-life practice","volume":"50","author":"Benard","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"R370-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01984-2017","article-title":"Neuropsychiatric adverse drug reactions in children initiated on montelukast in real-life practice","volume":"50","author":"Urdaneta","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"R371-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2019.02.009","article-title":"Montelukast and neuropsychiatric events in children with asthma:A nested case-control study","volume":"209","author":"Glockler-Lauf","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"R372-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.20204","article-title":"Randomized controlled trial of salbutamol aerosol therapy via metered dose inhaler-spacer versus. Jet nebulizer in young children with wheezing","volume":"39","author":"Deerojanawong","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pediatr Pulmonol"},{"key":"R373-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.88.4.319","article-title":"Comparative efficacy of terbutaline sulphate delivered by turbuhaler dry powder inhaler or pressurised metered dose inhaler with nebuhaler spacer in children during an acute asthmatic episode","volume":"88","author":"Drblik","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"R374-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1183\/23120541.00065-2018","article-title":"Spacer devices for inhaled therapy:Why use them, and how?","volume":"4","author":"Vincken","year":"2018","journal-title":"ERJ Open Res"},{"key":"R375-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2004.04.007","article-title":"beta-agonists through metered-dose inhaler with valved holding chamber versus nebulizer for acute exacerbation of wheezing or asthma in children under 5 years of age:A systematic review with meta-analysis","volume":"145","author":"Castro-Rodriguez","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"R376-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1111\/ped.13268","article-title":"Risk factors hindering asthma symptom control in Saudi children and adolescents","volume":"59","author":"Halwani","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pediatr Int"},{"key":"R377-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2006.tb02264.x","article-title":"Asthma symptoms in early childhood \u2013What happens then?","volume":"95","author":"Goks\u00f6r","year":"2006","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"},{"key":"R378-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2010.05.031","article-title":"The childhood asthma control test:Retrospective determination and clinical validation of a cut point to identify children with very poorly controlled asthma","volume":"126","author":"Liu","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"Suppl 3","key":"R379-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S131","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2011-2107NNN","article-title":"Use of beclomethasone dipropionate as rescue treatment for children with mild persistent asthma (TREXA):A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"128","author":"Simons","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"R380-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anai.2021.08.014","article-title":"Inhaled corticosteroids for the prevention of asthma exacerbations","volume":"127","author":"Jackson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol"},{"key":"R381-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1562","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2022.02.022","article-title":"As-needed use of short-Acting \u03b2(2)-agonists alone versus as-needed use of short-acting \u03b2(2)-agonists plus inhaled corticosteroids in pediatric patients with mild intermittent (step 1) asthma:A cost-effectiveness analysis","volume":"10","author":"Rodr\u00edguez-Mart\u00ednez","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract"},{"key":"R382-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2189","DOI":"10.1080\/02770903.2021.2008430","article-title":"Use of inhaled corticosteroids on an intermittent or as-needed basis in pediatric asthma:A systematic review of the literature","volume":"59","author":"Rodriguez-Martinez","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Asthma"},{"key":"R383-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0808907","article-title":"Preemptive use of high-dose fluticasone for virus-induced wheezing in young children","volume":"360","author":"Ducharme","year":"2009","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R384-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1998","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa054692","article-title":"Intermittent inhaled corticosteroids in infants with episodic wheezing","volume":"354","author":"Bisgaard","year":"2006","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R385-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1463","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1398-9995.2009.02134.x","article-title":"Regular versus prn nebulized treatment in wheeze preschool children","volume":"64","author":"Papi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"R386-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1608","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2016.09.028","article-title":"Individualized therapy for persistent asthma in young children","volume":"138","author":"Fitzpatrick","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"R387-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1985","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa051378","article-title":"Long-term inhaled corticosteroids in preschool children at high risk for asthma","volume":"354","author":"Guilbert","year":"2006","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R388-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1500","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.162.4.2002019","article-title":"The effect of inhaled budesonide on symptoms, lung function, and cold air and methacholine responsiveness in 2- to 5-year-old asthmatic children","volume":"162","author":"Nielsen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"R389-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2007.08.063","article-title":"Comparative study of budesonide inhalation suspension and montelukast in young children with mild persistent asthma","volume":"120","author":"Szefler","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"R390-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E48","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.108.3.e48","article-title":"Montelukast, a leukotriene receptor antagonist, for the treatment of persistent asthma in children aged 2 to 5 years","volume":"108","author":"Knorr","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"R391-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.107.2.381","article-title":"Leukotriene modifiers in pediatric asthma management","volume":"107","author":"Bisgaard","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"R392-20240128","first-page":"CD002314","article-title":"Anti-leukotriene agents compared to inhaled corticosteroids in the management of recurrent and\/or chronic asthma in adults and children","author":"Ducharme","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"R393-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1392","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.164.8.2104102","article-title":"Low dose inhaled budesonide and formoterol in mild persistent asthma:The OPTIMA randomized trial","volume":"164","author":"O'Byrne","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"R394-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1368","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.320.7246.1368","article-title":"Meta-analysis of increased dose of inhaled steroid or addition of salmeterol in symptomatic asthma (MIASMA)","volume":"320","author":"Shrewsbury","year":"2000","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"R395-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1067\/mai.2001.114709","article-title":"Addition of salmeterol to low-dose fluticasone versus higher-dose fluticasone:An analysis of asthma exacerbations","volume":"107","author":"Matz","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"R396-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1221","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201002-0193OC","article-title":"Combination therapy salmeterol\/fluticasone versus doubling dose of fluticasone in children with asthma","volume":"182","author":"Vaessen-Verberne","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"R397-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.158.1.9706048","article-title":"Addition of salmeterol versus doubling the dose of beclomethasone in children with asthma. The Dutch Asthma Study Group","volume":"158","author":"Verberne","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"R398-20240128","first-page":"CD005535","article-title":"Addition of long-acting beta2-agonists to inhaled corticosteroids versus same dose inhaled corticosteroids for chronic asthma in adults and children","author":"Ducharme","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"R399-20240128","first-page":"CD005533","article-title":"Addition of long-acting beta2-agonists to inhaled steroids versus higher dose inhaled steroids in adults and children with persistent asthma","author":"Ducharme","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"R400-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1181","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.279.15.1181","article-title":"Montelukast for chronic asthma in 6- to 14-year-old children:A randomized, double-blind trial. Pediatric montelukast study group","volume":"279","author":"Knorr","year":"1998","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"R401-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2954","DOI":"10.1097\/CM9.0000000000001853","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of salmeterol\/fluticasone compared with montelukast alone (or add-on therapy to fluticasone) in the treatment of bronchial asthma in children and adolescents:A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"134","author":"Zhou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chin Med J (Engl)"},{"key":"R402-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e053112","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-053112","article-title":"Deprescribing montelukast in children with asthma:A systematic review","volume":"12","author":"Dixon","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"R403-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.31128\/AJGP-11-19-5164","article-title":"Multiple short courses of corticosteroids in children","volume":"50","author":"Harding","year":"2021","journal-title":"Aust J Gen Pract"},{"key":"R404-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1617","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.24817","article-title":"Dexamethasone or prednisolone for asthma exacerbations in children:A cost-effectiveness analysis","volume":"55","author":"Rodriguez-Martinez","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pediatr Pulmonol"},{"key":"R405-20240128","first-page":"CD003137","article-title":"Addition to inhaled corticosteroids of long-acting beta2-agonists versus anti-leukotrienes for chronic asthma","volume":"2014","author":"Chauhan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"R406-20240128","first-page":"CD005307","article-title":"Addition of inhaled long-acting beta2-agonists to inhaled steroids as first line therapy for persistent asthma in steroid-naive adults and children","author":"Ni Chroinin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"R407-20240128","first-page":"CD007949","article-title":"Addition of long-acting beta-agonists to inhaled corticosteroids for chronic asthma in children","author":"Ni Chroinin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"R408-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"896865","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2022.896865","article-title":"Update on long-acting anticholinergics in children and adolescents with difficult and severe asthma","volume":"10","author":"Santamaria","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Pediatr"},{"key":"R409-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2022.11514","article-title":"Tiotropium as an add-on treatment to inhaled corticosteroids in children with severe and mild symptomatic asthma:Multi-center observational study for efficacy and safety analysis","volume":"24","author":"Aierken","year":"2022","journal-title":"Exp Ther Med"},{"key":"R410-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1009","DOI":"10.1080\/02770903.2022.2120403","article-title":"Tiotropium for children and adolescents with severe asthma","volume":"60","author":"Antonio Buend\u00eda","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Asthma"},{"key":"R411-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1285","DOI":"10.1185\/03007991003771338","article-title":"Omalizumab in children with inadequately controlled severe allergic (IgE-mediated) asthma","volume":"26","author":"Kulus","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr Med Res Opin"},{"key":"R412-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1210","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2009.09.021","article-title":"Omalizumab for the treatment of exacerbations in children with inadequately controlled allergic (IgE-mediated) asthma","volume":"124","author":"Lanier","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"R413-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"856","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00008115","article-title":"Real-life long-term omalizumab therapy in children with severe allergic asthma","volume":"46","author":"Deschildre","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"R414-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1007\/s40272-014-0107-z","article-title":"Omalizumab in children","volume":"16","author":"Licari","year":"2014","journal-title":"Paediatr Drugs"},{"key":"R415-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1957","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.24508","article-title":"Subcutaneous mepolizumab in children aged 6 to 11 years with severe eosinophilic asthma","volume":"54","author":"Gupta","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pediatr Pulmonol"},{"key":"R416-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1336","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2019.08.005","article-title":"Long-term safety and pharmacodynamics of mepolizumab in children with severe asthma with an eosinophilic phenotype","volume":"144","author":"Gupta","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"R417-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1007\/s40272-020-00387-2","article-title":"Dupilumab to treat type 2 inflammatory diseases in children and adolescents","volume":"22","author":"Licari","year":"2020","journal-title":"Paediatr Drugs"},{"key":"R418-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2230","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2106567","article-title":"Dupilumab in children with uncontrolled moderate-to-severe asthma","volume":"385","author":"Bacharier","year":"2021","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R419-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anai.2023.03.014","article-title":"Dupilumab pharmacokinetics and effect on type 2 biomarkers in children with moderate-to-severe asthma","volume":"131","author":"Jackson","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol"},{"key":"R420-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2486","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1804092","article-title":"Dupilumab efficacy and safety in moderate-to-severe uncontrolled asthma","volume":"378","author":"Castro","year":"2018","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R421-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2011.08.010","article-title":"Test for respiratory and asthma control in kids (TRACK):Clinically meaningful changes in score","volume":"128","author":"Zeiger","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"R422-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00491-2019","article-title":"Asthma progression and mortality:The role of inhaled corticosteroids","volume":"54","author":"O'Byrne","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"R423-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1990","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1104647","article-title":"Daily or intermittent budesonide in preschool children with recurrent wheezing","volume":"365","author":"Zeiger","year":"2011","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R424-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1093\/pch\/19.9.473","article-title":"Addition of antileukotriene agents to inhaled corticosteroids in children with persistent asthma","volume":"19","author":"Chong","year":"2014","journal-title":"Paediatr Child Health"},{"key":"R425-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1545","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.324.7353.1545","article-title":"Anti-leukotrienes as add-on therapy to inhaled glucocorticoids in patients with asthma:Systematic review of current evidence","volume":"324","author":"Ducharme","year":"2002","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"R426-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.1067\/mpd.2001.112899","article-title":"Montelukast added to budesonide in children with persistent asthma:A randomized, double-blind, crossover study","volume":"138","author":"Simons","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"R427-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1016\/S1081-1206(10)60226-8","article-title":"Predicting an asthma exacerbation in children 2 to 5 years of age","volume":"101","author":"Swern","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol"},{"key":"R428-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2007.08.034","article-title":"The pediatric respiratory assessment measure:A valid clinical score for assessing acute asthma severity from toddlers to teenagers","volume":"152","author":"Ducharme","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"R429-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1016\/0895-4356(96)00027-3","article-title":"Development of a clinical asthma score for use in hospitalized children between 1 and 5 years of age","volume":"49","author":"Parkin","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"R430-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.1067\/mpd.2000.110121","article-title":"The preschool respiratory assessment measure (PRAM):A responsive index of acute asthma severity","volume":"137","author":"Chalut","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"R431-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.4103\/1817-1737.150735","article-title":"Poor asthma education and medication compliance are associated with increased emergency department visits by asthmatic children","volume":"10","author":"Al-Muhsen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Med"},{"key":"R432-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2004.02.016","article-title":"Asthma severity scores for preschoolers displayed weaknesses in reliability, validity, and responsiveness","volume":"57","author":"Birken","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"R433-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"872","DOI":"10.1111\/acem.12422","article-title":"PRAM score as predictor of pediatric asthma hospitalization","volume":"21","author":"Alnaji","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acad Emerg Med"},{"key":"R434-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1494","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2013.05.018","article-title":"Development and validation of a decision tree early warning score based on routine laboratory test results for the discrimination of hospital mortality in emergency medical admissions","volume":"84","author":"Jarvis","year":"2013","journal-title":"Resuscitation"},{"key":"R435-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1006","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.106.5.1006","article-title":"Effectiveness of a clinical pathway for inpatient asthma management","volume":"106","author":"Johnson","year":"2000","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"R436-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1000","DOI":"10.1002\/emp2.12083","article-title":"Pediatric acute asthma scoring systems:A systematic review and survey of UK practice","volume":"1","author":"Chacko","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am Coll Emerg Physicians Open"},{"key":"R437-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pedhc.2008.10.004","article-title":"Childhood asthma practice guideline part three:Update of the 2007 national guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of asthma. The national asthma education and prevention program","volume":"23","author":"Banasiak","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Pediatr Health Care"},{"key":"R438-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpam.2019.02.001","article-title":"Management of asthma exacerbation in the emergency departments","volume":"6","author":"Al-Shamrani","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Adolesc Med"},{"key":"R439-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1093\/pch\/17.5.251","article-title":"Canadian Paediatric Society Acute Care Committee. Managing the paediatric patient with an acute asthma exacerbation","volume":"17","author":"Ortiz-Alvarez","year":"2012","journal-title":"Paediatr Child Health"},{"key":"R440-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2006.097287","article-title":"Effect of a clinical pathway on the hospitalisation rates of children with asthma:A prospective study","volume":"92","author":"Norton","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"R441-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1097\/ACI.0b013e328339731d","article-title":"Asthma care pathways in the emergency department","volume":"10","author":"Lougheed","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"R442-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1762.2001.00405.x","article-title":"The benefits of using clinical pathways for managing acute paediatric illness in an emergency department","volume":"21","author":"Browne","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Qual Clin Pract"},{"key":"R443-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(82)91619-1","article-title":"Routine antibiotics in hospital management of acute asthma","volume":"1","author":"Graham","year":"1982","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"R444-20240128","first-page":"CD001279","article-title":"Anticholinergic drugs for wheeze in children under the age of two years","volume":"2005","author":"Everard","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"R445-20240128","first-page":"CD000060","article-title":"Combined inhaled anticholinergics and short-acting beta2-agonists for initial treatment of acute asthma in children","author":"Griffiths","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"R446-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.21037\/atm.2019.09.44","article-title":"Expert consensus on nebulization therapy in pre-hospital and in-hospital emergency care","volume":"7","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann Transl Med"},{"key":"R447-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2019.00503","article-title":"Oral dexamethasone versus oral prednisone for children with acute asthma exacerbations:A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"7","author":"Wei","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Pediatr"},{"key":"R448-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.24244","article-title":"Salbutamol and ipratropium by inhaler is superior to nebulizer in children with severe acute asthma exacerbation:Randomized clinical trial","volume":"54","author":"Iramain","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pediatr Pulmonol"},{"key":"R449-20240128","first-page":"234","article-title":"Combined inhaled anticholinergics and short-acting beta2-agonists for initial treatment of acute asthma in children","volume":"14","author":"Griffiths","year":"2013","journal-title":"Paediatr Respir Rev"},{"key":"R450-20240128","first-page":"CD000195","article-title":"Corticosteroids for preventing relapse following acute exacerbations of asthma","author":"Rowe","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"R451-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2004.050005","article-title":"A meta-analysis on intravenous magnesium sulphate for treating acute asthma","volume":"90","author":"Cheuk","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"R452-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"i","DOI":"10.3310\/hta17450","article-title":"MAGNEsium trial in children (MAGNETIC):A randomised, placebo-controlled trial and economic evaluation of nebulised magnesium sulphate in acute severe asthma in children","volume":"17","author":"Powell","year":"2013","journal-title":"Health Technol Assess"},{"key":"R453-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(13)70037-7","article-title":"Magnesium sulphate in acute severe asthma in children (MAGNETIC):A randomised, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"1","author":"Powell","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"key":"R454-20240128","first-page":"CD001115","article-title":"Continuous versus intermittent beta-agonists in the treatment of acute asthma","volume":"2003","author":"Camargo","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"R455-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.92.4.513","article-title":"Controlled trial of oral prednisone in the emergency department treatment of children with acute asthma","volume":"92","author":"Scarfone","year":"1993","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"R456-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2165\/00003495-200363002-00002","article-title":"Treatment options for initial maintenance therapy of persistent asthma:A review of inhaled corticosteroids and leukotriene receptor antagonists","volume":"63","author":"Creticos","year":"2003","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"R457-20240128","first-page":"723","article-title":"Critical appraisal of the therapy of asthma \u2013An idea whose time has come","volume":"133","author":"McFadden","year":"1986","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"R458-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.122.1.160","article-title":"Continuous versus intermittent beta-agonists in the treatment of acute adult asthma:A systematic review with meta-analysis","volume":"122","author":"Rodrigo","year":"2002","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"R459-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1200","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.122.4.1200","article-title":"The effectiveness of IV beta-agonists in treating patients with acute asthma in the emergency department:A meta-analysis","volume":"122","author":"Travers","year":"2002","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"R460-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1862","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.161.6.9908115","article-title":"First-line therapy for adult patients with acute asthma receiving a multiple-dose protocol of ipratropium bromide plus albuterol in the emergency department","volume":"161","author":"Rodrigo","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"R461-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1977","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.121.6.1977","article-title":"The role of anticholinergics in acute asthma treatment:An evidence-based evaluation","volume":"121","author":"Rodrigo","year":"2002","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"R462-20240128","first-page":"CD010283","article-title":"Inhaled anticholinergics and short-acting beta(2)-agonists versus short-acting beta2-agonists alone for children with acute asthma in hospital","author":"V\u00e9zina","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"R463-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.122.2.489","article-title":"IV magnesium sulfate in the treatment of acute severe asthma:A multicenter randomized controlled trial","volume":"122","author":"Silverman","year":"2002","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"R464-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2594","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.285.20.2594","article-title":"Inhaled corticosteroid reduction and elimination in patients with persistent asthma receiving salmeterol:A randomized controlled trial","volume":"285","author":"Lemanske","year":"2001","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"R465-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"730","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2004.039180","article-title":"Moderate dose inhaled corticosteroids plus salmeterol versus higher doses of inhaled corticosteroids in symptomatic asthma","volume":"60","author":"Masoli","year":"2005","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"R466-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.4103\/1817-1737.102188","article-title":"Budesonide and fluticasone and adrenal suppression","volume":"7","author":"Fouda","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Med"},{"key":"R467-20240128","first-page":"CD009878","article-title":"Inhaled corticosteroids in children with persistent asthma:Dose-response effects on growth","volume":"2014","author":"Pruteanu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"R468-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1089\/ped.2013.0244","article-title":"Does use of inhaled corticosteroid for management of asthma in children make them shorter adults?","volume":"26","author":"Raissy","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pediatr Allergy Immunol Pulmonol"},{"key":"R469-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1186\/s40413-016-0117-0","article-title":"The use of inhaled corticosteroids in pediatric asthma:Update","volume":"9","author":"Hossny","year":"2016","journal-title":"World Allergy Organ J"},{"key":"R470-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1175","DOI":"10.1177\/1060028013503125","article-title":"Effect of inhaled corticosteroids on long-term growth in pediatric patients with asthma and allergic rhinitis","volume":"47","author":"Hoover","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann Pharmacother"},{"key":"R471-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e53","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2007-3381","article-title":"Effect of long-term corticosteroid use on bone mineral density in children:A prospective longitudinal assessment in the childhood asthma management program (CAMP) study","volume":"122","author":"Kelly","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"R472-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.22968","article-title":"Inhaled corticosteroids and bone mineral density at school age:A follow-up study after early childhood wheezing","volume":"50","author":"Sidoroff","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pediatr Pulmonol"},{"key":"R473-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2011.01.004","article-title":"Inhaled corticosteroids may have a beneficial effect on bone metabolism in newly diagnosed asthmatic children","volume":"24","author":"Stelmach","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pulm Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"R474-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1157\/13077744","article-title":"The effects of long term use of inhaled corticosteroids on linear growth, adrenal function and bone mineral density in children","volume":"33","author":"Altintas","year":"2005","journal-title":"Allergol Immunopathol (Madr)"},{"key":"R475-20240128","first-page":"76","article-title":"The use of leukotriene receptor antagonists (LTRAs) as complementary therapy in asthma","volume":"57","author":"Bjermer","year":"2002","journal-title":"Monaldi Arch Chest Dis"},{"key":"R476-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.4103\/1817-1737.33696","article-title":"Blocking leukotrienes optimize asthma control:The BLOC survey","volume":"2","author":"Idrees","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Med"},{"key":"R477-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200207-747OC","article-title":"Study Group on Montelukast and Respiratory Syncytial Virus. A randomized trial of montelukast in respiratory syncytial virus postbronchiolitis","volume":"167","author":"Bisgaard","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"R478-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.127.2.509","article-title":"The effect of montelukast on exhaled nitric oxide and lung function in asthmatic children 2 to 5 years old","volume":"127","author":"Straub","year":"2005","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"R479-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.05.00031904","article-title":"The effect of montelukast on lung function and exhaled nitric oxide in infants with early childhood asthma","volume":"25","author":"Straub","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"R480-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200407-894OC","article-title":"Montelukast reduces asthma exacerbations in 2- to 5-year-old children with intermittent asthma","volume":"171","author":"Bisgaard","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"R481-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00121411","article-title":"24-h duration of the novel LABA vilanterol trifenatate in asthma patients treated with inhaled corticosteroids","volume":"40","author":"L\u00f6tvall","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"R482-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.111.179259","article-title":"Functional and biochemical rationales for the 24-hour-long duration of action of olodaterol","volume":"337","author":"Casarosa","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"R483-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/S1081-1206(10)60840-X","article-title":"Bronchodilator efficacy of indacaterol, a novel once-daily beta2-agonist, in patients with persistent asthma","volume":"101","author":"Pearlman","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol"},{"key":"R484-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1629","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2010.06.011","article-title":"24-h bronchodilator efficacy of single doses of indacaterol in Japanese patients with asthma:A comparison with placebo and salmeterol","volume":"104","author":"Sugihara","year":"2010","journal-title":"Respir Med"},{"key":"R485-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1097\/MCP.0b013e32833303d2","article-title":"Novel bronchodilators in asthma","volume":"16","author":"Cazzola","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr Opin Pulm Med"},{"key":"R486-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1038\/bjp.2008.284","article-title":"Novel long-acting bronchodilators for COPD and asthma","volume":"155","author":"Cazzola","year":"2008","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol"},{"key":"R487-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2353","DOI":"10.1185\/03007990903143143","article-title":"24-hour bronchodilator efficacy of single doses of indacaterol in patients with persistent asthma:Comparison with placebo and formoterol","volume":"25","author":"LaForce","year":"2009","journal-title":"Curr Med Res Opin"},{"key":"R488-20240128","first-page":"CD006923","article-title":"Regular treatment with formoterol for chronic asthma:Serious adverse events","volume":"4","author":"Cates","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"R489-20240128","first-page":"289","article-title":"A randomised controlled comparison of tiotropium nd ipratropium in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"55","author":"van Noord","year":"2000","journal-title":"The Dutch Tiotropium Study Group. Thorax"},{"key":"R490-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1506","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.95.08091506","article-title":"Tiotropium bromide, a new long-acting antimuscarinic bronchodilator:A pharmacodynamic study in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Dutch Study Group","volume":"8","author":"Maesen","year":"1995","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"R491-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.14-1698","article-title":"What is the role of tiotropium in asthma?A systematic review with meta-analysis","volume":"147","author":"Rodrigo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"R492-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1218","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2006.11.001","article-title":"A proof of concept study to evaluate stepping down the dose of fluticasone in combination with salmeterol and tiotropium in severe persistent asthma","volume":"101","author":"Fardon","year":"2007","journal-title":"Respir Med"},{"key":"R493-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106021","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2020.106021","article-title":"Fixed-dose combination of indacaterol\/glycopyrronium\/mometasone furoate once-daily versus salmeterol\/fluticasone twice-daily plus tiotropium once-daily in patients with uncontrolled asthma:A randomised, Phase IIIb, non-inferiority study (ARGON)","volume":"170","author":"Gessner","year":"2020","journal-title":"Respir Med"},{"key":"R494-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI17748","article-title":"New insights into the pathogenesis of asthma","volume":"111","author":"Elias","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"R495-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.4103\/1817-1737.30361","article-title":"New insights into the pathophysiology of the small airways in asthma","volume":"2","author":"Hamid","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Med"},{"key":"R496-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2008.09.002","article-title":"Lung function and asthma control with beclomethasone and formoterol in a single inhaler","volume":"103","author":"Huchon","year":"2009","journal-title":"Respir Med"},{"key":"R497-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2013.02.010","article-title":"Dose-dependent anti-inflammatory effect of inhaled mometasone furoate\/formoterol in subjects with asthma","volume":"107","author":"Nolte","year":"2013","journal-title":"Respir Med"},{"key":"R498-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1677","DOI":"10.1111\/jphp.12303","article-title":"Pharmacokinetic study for the establishment of bioequivalence of two inhalation treatments containing budesonide plus formoterol","volume":"66","author":"Grekas","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Pharm Pharmacol"},{"key":"R499-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2010.11.011","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of fluticasone and formoterol in a single pressurized metered dose inhaler","volume":"105","author":"Bodzenta-Lukaszyk","year":"2011","journal-title":"Respir Med"},{"key":"R500-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-016-1731-4","article-title":"The SYGMA programme of phase 3 trials to evaluate the efficacy and safety of budesonide\/formoterol given 'as needed'in mild asthma:Study protocols for two randomised controlled trials","volume":"18","author":"O'Byrne","year":"2017","journal-title":"Trials"},{"key":"R501-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2013-203600","article-title":"Once-daily fluticasone furoate (FF)\/vilanterol reduces risk of severe exacerbations in asthma versus FF alone","volume":"69","author":"Bateman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"R502-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1140","DOI":"10.1111\/cea.13702","article-title":"Randomized controlled trial of triple versus dual inhaler therapy on small airways in smoking asthmatics","volume":"50","author":"Jabbal","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Exp Allergy"},{"key":"R503-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2466","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.7872","article-title":"Triple versus dual inhaler therapy and asthma outcomes in moderate to severe asthma:A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"325","author":"Kim","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"R504-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2125.2008.03153.x","article-title":"Respirable dose delivery of fluticasone propionate from a small valved holding chamber, a compact breath actuated integrated vortex device and a metered dose inhaler","volume":"66","author":"Nair","year":"2008","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"R505-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1815","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2011.07.004","article-title":"Inhaler technique and asthma:Feasability and acceptability of training by pharmacists","volume":"105","author":"Giraud","year":"2011","journal-title":"Respir Med"},{"key":"R506-20240128","first-page":"323","article-title":"Improved asthma control with breath-actuated pressurized metered dose inhaler (pMDI):The SYSTER survey","volume":"13","author":"Giraud","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci"},{"key":"R507-20240128","first-page":"7","article-title":"Inhaled corticosteroid delivery systems:Clinical role of a breath-actuated device","volume":"5","author":"Donnell","year":"2001","journal-title":"Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci"},{"key":"R508-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2533","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMe1806037","article-title":"New biologics for asthma","volume":"378","author":"Drazen","year":"2018","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R509-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)60988-X","article-title":"Mepolizumab for severe eosinophilic asthma (DREAM):A multicentre, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"380","author":"Pavord","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"R510-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(16)30031-5","article-title":"Severe eosinophilic asthma treated with mepolizumab stratified by baseline eosinophil thresholds:A secondary analysis of the DREAM and MENSA studies","volume":"4","author":"Ortega","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"key":"R511-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1189","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1403291","article-title":"Oral glucocorticoid-sparing effect of mepolizumab in eosinophilic asthma","volume":"371","author":"Bel","year":"2014","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R512-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(17)30344-2","article-title":"Predictors of enhanced response with benralizumab for patients with severe asthma:Pooled analysis of the SIROCCO and CALIMA studies","volume":"6","author":"FitzGerald","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"key":"R513-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anai.2018.01.030","article-title":"Benralizumab efficacy by atopy status and serum immunoglobulin E for patients with severe, uncontrolled asthma","volume":"120","author":"Chipps","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol"},{"key":"R514-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201208-1414OC","article-title":"Exploring the effects of omalizumab in allergic asthma:An analysis of biomarkers in the EXTRA study","volume":"187","author":"Hanania","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"R515-20240128","first-page":"CD003559","article-title":"Omalizumab for asthma in adults and children","author":"Normansell","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"R516-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2014.12.002","article-title":"Revision of omalizumab dosing table for dosing every 4 instead of 2 weeks for specific ranges of bodyweight and baseline IgE","volume":"71","author":"Lowe","year":"2015","journal-title":"Regul Toxicol Pharmacol"},{"key":"R517-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1023","DOI":"10.1111\/all.14221","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of treatment with biologicals (benralizumab, dupilumab, mepolizumab, omalizumab and reslizumab) for severe eosinophilic asthma. A systematic review for the EAACI guidelines \u2013Recommendations on the use of biologicals in severe asthma","volume":"75","author":"Agache","year":"2020","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"R518-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anai.2019.11.016","article-title":"Effect of omalizumab on lung function and eosinophil levels in adolescents with moderate-to-severe allergic asthma","volume":"124","author":"Busse","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol"},{"key":"R519-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-154-9-201105030-00002","article-title":"Omalizumab in severe allergic asthma inadequately controlled with standard therapy:A randomized trial","volume":"154","author":"Hanania","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"R520-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.1111\/all.14235","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of treatment with biologicals (benralizumab, dupilumab and omalizumab) for severe allergic asthma:A systematic review for the EAACI Guidelines \u2013Recommendations on the use of biologicals in severe asthma","volume":"75","author":"Agache","year":"2020","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"R521-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(15)00042-9","article-title":"Reslizumab for inadequately controlled asthma with elevated blood eosinophil counts:Results from two multicentre, parallel, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trials","volume":"3","author":"Castro","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"key":"R522-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201707-1323OC","article-title":"Weight-adjusted intravenous reslizumab in severe asthma with inadequate response to fixed-dose subcutaneous mepolizumab","volume":"197","author":"Mukherjee","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"R523-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1198","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1403290","article-title":"Mepolizumab treatment in patients with severe eosinophilic asthma","volume":"371","author":"Ortega","year":"2014","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R524-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2448","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1703501","article-title":"Oral glucocorticoid-sparing effect of benralizumab in severe asthma","volume":"376","author":"Nair","year":"2017","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R525-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(18)30406-5","article-title":"Long-term safety and efficacy of benralizumab in patients with severe, uncontrolled asthma:1-year results from the BORA phase 3 extension trial","volume":"7","author":"Busse","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"key":"R526-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anai.2019.02.016","article-title":"Rapid onset of effect of benralizumab on morning peak expiratory flow in severe, uncontrolled asthma","volume":"122","author":"Chupp","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol"},{"key":"R527-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2115","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)31324-1","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of benralizumab for patients with severe asthma uncontrolled with high-dosage inhaled corticosteroids and long-acting \u03b2(2)-agonists (SIROCCO):A randomised, multicentre, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial","volume":"388","author":"Bleecker","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"R528-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00936-2018","article-title":"Baseline patient factors impact on the clinical efficacy of benralizumab for severe asthma","volume":"52","author":"Bleecker","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"R529-20240128","first-page":"S18","article-title":"Asthma","volume":"4","author":"Cockcroft","year":"2020","journal-title":"Can J Respir Crit Care Sleep Med"},{"key":"R530-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)33005-3","article-title":"Intersection of biology and therapeutics:Type 2 targeted therapeutics for adult asthma","volume":"395","author":"Peters","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"R531-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2475","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1804093","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of dupilumab in glucocorticoid-dependent severe asthma","volume":"378","author":"Rabe","year":"2018","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R532-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"936","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1704064","article-title":"Tezepelumab in adults with uncontrolled asthma","volume":"377","author":"Corren","year":"2017","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R533-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1013","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.11.059","article-title":"Tezepelumab, an anti-thymic stromal lymphopoietin monoclonal antibody, in the treatment of moderate to severe atopic dermatitis:A randomized phase 2a clinical trial","volume":"80","author":"Simpson","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"R534-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1186\/s12931-020-01503-z","article-title":"SOURCE:A phase 3, multicentre, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel group trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of tezepelumab in reducing oral corticosteroid use in adults with oral corticosteroid dependent asthma","volume":"21","author":"Wechsler","year":"2020","journal-title":"Respir Res"},{"key":"R535-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1186\/s12931-020-01526-6","article-title":"NAVIGATOR:A phase 3 multicentre, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of tezepelumab in adults and adolescents with severe, uncontrolled asthma","volume":"21","author":"Menzies-Gow","year":"2020","journal-title":"Respir Res"},{"key":"R537-20240128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1800","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2034975","article-title":"Tezepelumab in adults and adolescents with severe, uncontrolled asthma","volume":"384","author":"Menzies-Gow","year":"2021","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"}],"container-title":["Annals of Thoracic Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/atm.atm_248_23","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T16:53:29Z","timestamp":1787763209000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/atm.atm_248_23"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,15]]},"references-count":529,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/atm.atm_248_23","relation":{},"ISSN":["1817-1737","1998-3557"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1817-1737","type":"print"},{"value":"1998-3557","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-10-01","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-10-31","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}