{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T16:29:25Z","timestamp":1787761765601,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"abstract":"\n INTRODUCTION:<\/jats:title>\n The clinical and physiological effects of long-duration use of N95-type masks without ventilation valves, on health-care workers during the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, were evaluated.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n METHODS:<\/jats:title>\n \n All volunteering personnel working in operating theater or intensive care unit, using nonventilated N95 type respiratory masks, minimum for a 2-h noninterrupted duration were observed. The partial oxygen saturation (SpO\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n ) and heart rate (HR) were recorded before wearing the N95 mask and at 1\n st<\/jats:sup>\n and 2\n nd<\/jats:sup>\n h. Volunteers were then questioned for any symptoms.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n RESULTS:<\/jats:title>\n \n A total of 210 measurements were completed in 42 (24 males and 18 females) eligible volunteers, each having 5 measurements, on different days. The median age was 32.7. Premask, 1\n st<\/jats:sup>\n h, and 2\n nd<\/jats:sup>\n h median values for SpO\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n were 99%, 97%, and 96%, respectively (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.001). The median HR was 75 premask, 79 at 1\n st<\/jats:sup>\n h, and 84\/min at 2\n nd<\/jats:sup>\n h (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.001). A significant difference between all three consecutive measurements of HR was achieved. Statistical difference was only reached between premask and other SpO\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n measurements (1\n st<\/jats:sup>\n and 2\n nd<\/jats:sup>\n h). Complaints seen in the group were head ache (36%), shortness of breath (27%), palpitation (18%), and nausea feeling (2%). Two individuals took off their masks to breathe, on 87\n th<\/jats:sup>\n and 105\n th<\/jats:sup>\n min, respectively.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n CONCLUSIONS:<\/jats:title>\n \n Long duration (>1 h) use of N95-type masks causes a significant reduction in SpO\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n measurements and increase in HR. Despite being an essential personal protective equipment in COVID-19 pandemic, it should be used with short intermittent time periods in health-care providers with known heart disease, pulmonary insufficiency, or psychiatric disorders.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/atm.atm_429_22","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,25]],"date-time":"2023-04-25T08:26:48Z","timestamp":1682411208000},"page":"86-89","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Prospective analysis of the physiological changes caused by prolonged use of N95-type masks"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Melis E.","family":"Demirag","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Kartal Lutfi Kirdar Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mustafa","family":"Akyil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sureyyapasa Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Merve","family":"Karasal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sureyyapasa Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Serkan","family":"Bayram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sureyyapasa Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Serda Kanbur","family":"Metin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sureyyapasa Training and 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