{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T19:36:52Z","timestamp":1786649812835,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Osteoporosis places a significant strain on the healthcare system and contributes significantly to morbidity and mortality. Digital panoramic radiographs, which are typically taken for routine dental examinations, are quite useful for spotting early low mineral density changes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The aim of the study was to assess the diagnostic efficiency of gonial and antigonial radiographic indices in identifying low bone mineral density in aged women.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 800 panoramic radiographs were assessed from the archives, and 118 radiographic images among controls and study groups were included. Radiomorphometric indicators such as gonial angle (GA), gonial index (GI), antigonial angle (AA), antigonial depth (AD), and antigonial index (AI) were studied.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A statistically significant higher GA, GI, AA, AD, and AI among control groups were evident compared to study groups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In screening for early osteoporotic alterations, all indices evaluated in the present study can be used as radiographic screening methods to identify low bone mineral density among aged women.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Novelty:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study attempted to evaluate the GA, GI, AA, AD, and AI of the mandible in orthopantomography individually for normal and aged women. Hence, they can be used as an opportunistic screening tool.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ccd.ccd_109_24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T08:00:16Z","timestamp":1761984016000},"page":"153-158","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Gonial and Antigonial Radiomorphometric Indices in Detecting Low Bone Mineral Density among Aged Women: A Multicentric Pilot Study"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Sowmya Vishnurao","family":"Gujjar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Bareilly International University, Institute of Dental Sciences, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roopa S.","family":"Rao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pradeep","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontics, Saveetha Dental College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Ashok","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Bapuji Dental College and Hospital, Davangere, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Jeevitha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontics, Saveetha Dental College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Madhusudan","family":"Astekar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Bareilly International University, Institute of Dental Sciences, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.5312\/wjo.v7.i3.171","article-title":"Major osteoporotic fragility fractures: Risk factor updates and societal impact","volume":"7","author":"Pisani","year":"2016","journal-title":"World J Orthop"},{"key":"R2-20260420","first-page":"229","article-title":"Early detection of osteoporosis in patients over 55 using orthopantomography","volume":"18","author":"Peycheva","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Int Med Assoc Bulgaria"},{"key":"R3-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.15713\/ins.jcri.69","article-title":"Early diagnosis of osteoporosis in male and female patients between 30 and 75 years using orthopantomography","volume":"2","author":"Nagaraj","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Adv Clin Res Insights"},{"key":"R4-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1007\/s11282-022-00596-0","article-title":"Features of mandibular cortical bone morphology in osteoporotic fracture patients","volume":"38","author":"Suzuki","year":"2022","journal-title":"Oral Radiol"},{"key":"R5-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S4","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2005.11.024","article-title":"Osteoporosis: A still increasing prevalence","volume":"38","author":"Reginster","year":"2006","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"R6-20260420","first-page":"345","article-title":"Diagnosis of osteoporosis using cortex mandibular indices based on cortex thickness and morphology in comparison with visual assessment of the cortex","volume":"4","author":"Tofangchiha","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Craniomaxillofac Res"},{"key":"R7-20260420","first-page":"195","article-title":"Radiomorphometric indices of the mandible \u2013 An indicator of osteoporosis","volume":"8","author":"Govindraju","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Clin Diagn Res"},{"key":"R8-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1097\/MAJ.0b013e3182972148","article-title":"Panoramic radiomorphometric indices as reliable parameters in predicting osteoporosis","volume":"346","author":"Mansour","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Med Sci"},{"key":"R9-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oooo.2022.10.039","article-title":"Diagnostic efficacy of radiomorphometric indices for predicting osteoporosis in a Norwegian population in the troms\u00f8 study: Troms\u00f87","volume":"135","author":"Teterina","year":"2023","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol"},{"key":"R10-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sdentj.2022.05.006","article-title":"Three panoramic indices for identification of healthy older people at a high risk of osteoporosis","volume":"34","author":"Kiswanjaya","year":"2022","journal-title":"Saudi Dent J"},{"key":"R11-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17S","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034514554949","article-title":"Panoramic measures for oral bone mass in detecting osteoporosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"94","author":"Calciolari","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Dent Res"},{"key":"R12-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e905","DOI":"10.4317\/medoral.17304","article-title":"Early diagnosis of osteoporosis by means of orthopantomograms and oral x-rays: A systematic review","volume":"16","author":"L\u00f3pez-L\u00f3pez","year":"2011","journal-title":"Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal"},{"key":"R13-20260420","first-page":"69","article-title":"Comparison of panorama radiomorphometric indices of the mandible in normal and osteoporotic women","volume":"2004","author":"Kim","year":"2004","journal-title":"Korean J Oral Maxillofac Radiol"},{"key":"R14-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.2174\/1874210601509010303","article-title":"Evaluation of radiomorphometric indices in panoramic radiograph \u2013 A screening tool","volume":"9","author":"Bajoria","year":"2015","journal-title":"Open Dent J"},{"key":"R15-20260420","first-page":"70","article-title":"Prediction of osteoporosis using dental radiographs and age in females","volume":"6","author":"Vijay","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Midlife Health"},{"key":"R16-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1875-595X.2007.tb00146.x","article-title":"Assessment of repeatability and reproducibility of mental and panoramic mandibular indices on digital panoramic images","volume":"57","author":"Alkurt","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int Dent J"},{"key":"R17-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0042-1751009","article-title":"Panoramic indices: An aid to early detection of patients with low bone mineral density","volume":"17","author":"Bangeennavar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Asian J Neurosurg"},{"key":"R18-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1097\/01.OMX.0000395515.46408.51","article-title":"Effect of age, sex, and dental status on mental and panoramic mandibular indices of the mandible: A retrospective study","volume":"2","author":"Mostafa","year":"2011","journal-title":"Egypt J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"R19-20260420","first-page":"273","article-title":"Evaluation of panoramic radiomorphometric indices in Indian population","volume":"16","author":"Sumona","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cumhuriyet Dent J"},{"key":"R20-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jobcr.2022.12.009","article-title":"Reference values of Orthopantomographic indices for early detection of low bone mineral density in Indian population","volume":"13","author":"Palaskar","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Oral Biol Craniofac Res"},{"key":"R21-20260420","first-page":"2051","article-title":"Evaluation of panoramic radiographs as a screening tool of osteoporosis in post menopausal women: A cross sectional study","volume":"7","author":"Gaur","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Diagn Res"},{"key":"R22-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.18231\/j.jooo.2022.006","article-title":"Radiomorphometric indices as indicator in osteoporosis \u2013 A digital panaromic study","volume":"8","author":"Pachipulusu","year":"2006","journal-title":"Oral Surg J Oral Med Oral Surg Oral Pathol Oral Radiol"},{"key":"R23-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e802","DOI":"10.4317\/medoral.15.e802","article-title":"Remodeling of the antegonial angle region in the human mandible: A panoramic radiographic cross-sectional study","volume":"15","author":"Ghosh","year":"2010","journal-title":"Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal"},{"key":"R24-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.22271\/oral.2023.v9.i1b.1666","article-title":"Detection of osteoporosis using orthopantomography: An analytical study","volume":"9","author":"Asha","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Appl Dent Sci"},{"key":"R25-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2009.02.028","article-title":"Correlations between seven panoramic radiomorphometric indices and bone mineral density in postmenopausal women","volume":"109","author":"Leite","year":"2010","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod"},{"key":"R26-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1590\/S0100-39842008000300011","article-title":"Comparison of morphometric indices obtained from dental panoramic radiography for identifying individuals with osteoporosis\/osteopenia","volume":"41","author":"Mahl","year":"2008","journal-title":"Radiologia Brasileira"}],"container-title":["Contemporary Clinical Dentistry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/ccd.ccd_109_24","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T18:58:41Z","timestamp":1786647521000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/ccd.ccd_109_24"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/ccd.ccd_109_24","relation":{},"ISSN":["0976-237X","0976-2361"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0976-237X","type":"print"},{"value":"0976-2361","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-03-10","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-07-14","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}