{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T16:16:55Z","timestamp":1787847415322,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate the total oxidant levels in healthy, chronic periodontitis (CP), and ischemic heart disease (IHD) and to check for any correlation among them.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A sample of 80 were split into four groups of healthy subjects (Group I), CP subjects (Group II), IHD subjects (Group III), and IHD subjects having periodontitis (Group IV). The serum and saliva samples collected were analyzed for levels of hydrogen peroxide (H\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      O\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      ), hydroxyl radical (OH\n                      <jats:sup>-<\/jats:sup>\n                      ), nitric oxide (NO), and superoxide radical (O\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      <jats:sup>-<\/jats:sup>\n                      ).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      There were significant (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.05) variances in the mean serum and salivary levels of hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl radical, NO, and superoxide within the 4 groups. Oxidant levels of both serum and saliva were lower in disease groups of Group II, III, and IV as compared to healthy controls, with different patterns.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The oxidant levels (H\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      O\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      , OH\n                      <jats:sup>-<\/jats:sup>\n                      , NO, and O\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      <jats:sup>-<\/jats:sup>\n                      ) are significantly hampered in periodontitis and IHD subjects as compared to healthy subjects. The oxidants, whether serum or salivary, did not always show the proportional change as a result of change in oxidant stress due to disease as positive correlation was observed only in the serum H\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      O\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      and salivary NO radical levels and between serum superoxide dismutase radical and salivary H\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      O\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      in Group I. In Group III, there was a positive correlation between serum NO radical and salivary H\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      O\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ccd.ccd_192_20","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,14]],"date-time":"2021-06-14T04:28:13Z","timestamp":1623644893000},"page":"157-163","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Comparison of Oxidant Stress Levels among Healthy, Chronic Periodontitis, and Ischemic Heart Disease Subjects with Presence or Absence of Chronic Periodontitis"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Priyanka","family":"Pampani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Santhosh","family":"Shenoy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anahita","family":"Punj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vinayak B","family":"Kamath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-9-20240901","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.14.4.727-752.2001","article-title":"Periodontal disease as a specific, albeit chronic, infection: Diagnosis and treatment","volume":"14","author":"Loesche","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"R2-9-20240901","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1601-5037.2006.00198.x","article-title":"Dental plaque as a possible risk factor for general disease\u2013results from longitudinal studies","volume":"4","author":"S\u00f6der","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int J Dent Hyg"},{"key":"R3-9-20240901","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1007\/s10266-006-0060-6","article-title":"Periodontal disease and systemic conditions: A bidirectional relationship","volume":"94","author":"Kim","year":"2006","journal-title":"Odontology"},{"key":"R4-9-20240901","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2012.01.008","article-title":"Reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis and redox regulation in cellular signalling","volume":"24","author":"Ray","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell Signal"},{"key":"R5-9-20240901","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1601-0825.2000.tb00325.x","article-title":"Reactive oxygen species: A potential role in the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases","volume":"6","author":"Waddington","year":"2000","journal-title":"Oral Dis"},{"key":"R6-9-20240901","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.3390\/biom5020472","article-title":"Biological activities of reactive oxygen and Nitrogen species: Oxidative stress versus signal transduction","volume":"5","author":"Weidinger","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"key":"R7-9-20240901","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3164734","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/3164734","article-title":"The role of the reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress in the pathomechanism of the age-related ocular diseases and other pathologies of the anterior and posterior eye segments in adults","volume":"2016","author":"Nita","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oxid Med Cell Longev"},{"key":"R8-9-20240901","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.2006.01029.x","article-title":"Compromised GCF total antioxidant capacity in periodontitis: Cause or effect?","volume":"34","author":"Chapple","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Clin Periodontol"},{"key":"R9-9-20240901","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa063186","article-title":"Treatment of periodontitis and endothelial function","volume":"356","author":"Tonetti","year":"2007","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R10-9-20240901","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1427.015","article-title":"The role of mitochondria in reactive oxygen species metabolism and signaling","volume":"1147","author":"Starkov","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"R11-9-20240901","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.5455\/oams.230214.rv.013","article-title":"Oxidants and antioxidants in health and disease","volume":"3","author":"Celep","year":"2014","journal-title":"Oxid Antioxid Med Sci"},{"key":"R12-9-20240901","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0757.2006.00178.x","article-title":"The role of reactive oxygen and antioxidant species in periodontal tissue destruction","volume":"43","author":"Chapple","year":"2007","journal-title":"Periodontol 2000"},{"key":"R13-9-20240901","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/137.3.657","article-title":"The prevalence of inflammatory periodontitis is negatively associated with serum antioxidant concentrations","volume":"137","author":"Chapple","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"R14-9-20240901","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1241","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034510375830","article-title":"Oxidative stress, systemic inflammation, and severe periodontitis","volume":"89","author":"D'Aiuto","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Dent Res"},{"key":"R15-9-20240901","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.12816\/0003082","article-title":"The role of oxidative stress and antioxidants in diabetic complications","volume":"12","author":"Matough","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sultan Qaboos Univ Med J"},{"key":"R16-9-20240901","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1965697","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/1965697","article-title":"Estimation of antioxidant levels in saliva and serum of chronic periodontitis patients with and without ischemic heart disease","volume":"2017","author":"Punj","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Dent"},{"key":"R18-9-20240901","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2543","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000100560.46946.EA","article-title":"Case definitions for acute coronary heart disease in epidemiology and clinical research studies: A statement from the AHA Council on Epidemiology and Prevention; AHA Statistics Committee; World Heart Federation Council on Epidemiology and Prevention; the European Society of Cardiology Working Group on Epidemiology and Prevention; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; and the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","volume":"108","author":"Luepker","year":"2003","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"R19-9-20240901","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0906-6713.2002.003421.x","article-title":"Periodontal diagnoses and classification of periodontal diseases","volume":"34","author":"Armitage","year":"2004","journal-title":"Periodontol 2000"},{"key":"R20-9-20240901","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S149","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.12945","article-title":"Staging and grading of periodontitis: Framework and proposal of a new classification and case definition","volume":"45","author":"Tonetti","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Clin Periodontol"},{"key":"R21-9-20240901","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1177\/10454411970080030601","article-title":"Periodontal probing","volume":"8","author":"Hefti","year":"1997","journal-title":"Crit Rev Oral Biol Med"},{"key":"R22-9-20240901","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.3109\/00016356309011240","article-title":"Periodontal disease in pregnancy. I. Prevalence and severity","volume":"21","author":"Loe","year":"1963","journal-title":"Acta Odontol Scand"},{"key":"R23-9-20240901","first-page":"514623","article-title":"Oxidative stress and inflammation in heart disease: Do antioxidants have a role in treatment and\/or prevention?","volume":"2011","author":"Pashkow","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Inflam"},{"key":"R24-9-20240901","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1234","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2017.160748","article-title":"Comparison of endothelial function in healthy patients and patients with chronic periodontitis and myocardial infarction","volume":"88","author":"Punj","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Periodontol"},{"key":"R25-9-20240901","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.9790\/0853-13815259","article-title":"Reactive oxygen species & its role in periodontal disease","volume":"13","author":"Bhusari","year":"2014","journal-title":"IOSR J Dent Med Sci"},{"key":"R26-9-20240901","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14S","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(91)90279-7","article-title":"Reactive oxygen species in living systems: Source, biochemistry, and role in human disease","volume":"91","author":"Halliwell","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"R28-9-20240901","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcm.2006.11.005","article-title":"Basic mechanisms of oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species in cardiovascular injury","volume":"17","author":"Papaharalambus","year":"2007","journal-title":"Trends Cardiovasc Med"},{"key":"R29-9-20240901","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1809","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)67728-8","article-title":"Periodontal diseases","volume":"366","author":"Pihlstrom","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"R30-9-20240901","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.107.101535","article-title":"Periodontal infection is associated with endothelial dysfunction in healthy subjects and hypertensive patients","volume":"51","author":"Higashi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"R31-9-20240901","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.2174\/1573403X10666140416094901","article-title":"Is there an association between periodontitis and hypertension?","volume":"10","author":"Macedo Paizan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr Cardiol Rev"},{"key":"R32-9-20240901","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cardiores.2003.10.025","article-title":"New concepts in reactive oxygen species and cardiovascular reperfusion physiology","volume":"61","author":"Becker","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"key":"R33-9-20240901","first-page":"115","article-title":"Oxygen derived free radicals in osteoelasts: The specificity and location of the nitroblue tetrazolium reaction","volume":"11","author":"Key","year":"1990","journal-title":"Bone (Elmsford"},{"key":"R34-9-20240901","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.126.3.765","article-title":"NADPH oxidase expression and in situ production of superoxide by osteoclast actively resorbing bone","volume":"126","author":"Steinbeck","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Cell Biol"},{"key":"R35-9-20240901","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1124","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.74.5.1124","article-title":"Preconditioning with ischemia: A delay of lethal cell injury in ischemic myocardium","volume":"74","author":"Murry","year":"1986","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"R36-9-20240901","first-page":"140","article-title":"Antioxidants in periodontal diseases: A review","volume":"1","author":"Sree","year":"2011","journal-title":"Indian J Multidisciplinary Dent"}],"container-title":["Contemporary Clinical Dentistry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/ccd.ccd_192_20","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T15:17:18Z","timestamp":1787843838000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/ccd.ccd_192_20"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/ccd.ccd_192_20","relation":{},"ISSN":["0976-237X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0976-237X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]}}}