{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T19:59:07Z","timestamp":1787169547302,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Context:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To compare and evaluate clinically and radiographically the efficacy of 1.5% metformin (MF) gel and placebo gel as an adjunct to scaling and root planing (SRP) and Curettage for the treatment of infrabony defects (IBDs) in chronic periodontitis patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Subjects and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study was conducted randomly on 15 patients of both the genders. Each patient contributed two sites (total 30 sites - Split mouth design) which was randomly assigned to one of the two treatments: (i) Site A (Control Site) in which SRP was done along with curettage and intrapocket application of Placebo Gel and (ii) Site B (Test Site) in which SRP was done along with curettage and intrapocket application of 1.5% MF Gel. The Periodontal status {which included plaque index (PI), sulcus bleeding index (SBI), probing pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment level (CAL), IBD Depth} was assessed both clinically and radiographically at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months after treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>It was found that there was statistically significant difference in the periodontal status (PI, SBI, PPD, CAL, IBD depth) of the two sites when compared from baseline to 6 months.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Local delivery of 1.5% MF improves the clinical outcomes of traditional treatment (SRP) and curettage and should be considered particularly as an adjunct to it.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ccd.ccd_271_20","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,23]],"date-time":"2022-03-23T11:10:58Z","timestamp":1648033858000},"page":"18-23","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Efficacy of 1.5% Metformin Gel as an Adjuvant to Scaling, Root Planing, and Curettage for the Treatment of Infrabony Defects in Chronic Periodontitis Patients"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Kuldeep S.","family":"Patil","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monica","family":"Mahajani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sneha H.","family":"Choudhary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sami D.","family":"Aldhuwayhi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amar","family":"Thakare","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammed Ziauddeen","family":"Mustafa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-4-20240901","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2012.120025","article-title":"Efficacy of varying concentrations of subgingivally delivered metformin in the treatment of chronic periodontitis: A randomized controlled clinical trial","volume":"84","author":"Pradeep","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Periodontol"},{"key":"R2-4-20240901","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.4103\/0972-124X.76932","article-title":"Modified Widman flap and non-surgical therapy using chlorhexidine chip in the treatment of moderate to deep periodontal pockets: A comparative study","volume":"14","author":"Paul","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Indian Soc Periodontol"},{"key":"R3-4-20240901","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0757.2004.03798.x","article-title":"Which reconstructive procedures are effective for treating the periodontal intraosseous defect?","volume":"37","author":"Trombelli","year":"2005","journal-title":"Periodontol 2000"},{"key":"R4-4-20240901","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.4103\/0973-8398.43305","article-title":"Formulation, development and evaluation of patient friendly dos- age forms of metformin, Part-II: Oral soft gel","volume":"2","author":"Mohapatra","year":"2008","journal-title":"Asian J Pharmacol"},{"key":"R5-4-20240901","first-page":"41","article-title":"Reduced plaque formation by the chloromethyl analogue of victamine C","volume":"41","author":"Turesky","year":"1970","journal-title":"J Periodontol"},{"key":"R6-4-20240901","first-page":"107","article-title":"Gingival sulcus bleeding--a leading symptom in initial gingivitis","volume":"15","author":"M\u00fchlemann","year":"1971","journal-title":"Helv Odontol Acta"},{"key":"R7-4-20240901","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.1992.63.4s.322","article-title":"The bacterial etiology of destructive periodontal disease: Current concepts","volume":"63","author":"Socransky","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Periodontol"},{"key":"R8-4-20240901","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0757.1994.tb00020.x","article-title":"Microbial etiological agents of destructive periodontal diseases","volume":"5","author":"Haffajee","year":"1994","journal-title":"Periodontol 2000"},{"key":"R9-4-20240901","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.1975.tb01727.x","article-title":"The effect of plaque control and surgical pocket elimination on the establishment and maintenance of periodontal health. 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