{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T16:38:50Z","timestamp":1787071130330,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Irrigants were required to eliminate the microbes and debris from the intraradicular space and must have direct contact with the entire root canal wall. Therefore, different irrigation methods have been proposed to deliver the irrigant as close as possible to the remote areas of the root canal.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The aim of the present study is to evaluate the cleaning efficacy of single-beveled needle, side-vented needle, endovac, and endo-irrigator plus in the removal of debris from apical third of root canal by Scanning Electron Microscope.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Forty single-rooted freshly extracted human permanent mandibular premolars were collected. Root canals were cleaned and instrumented till X2 (25\/06) with rotary Protaper Next at working length 1 mm short of the apex. Teeth were randomly divided into four equal groups: Group 1 (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 10): Endovac, Group 2 (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 10): Endo irrigator plus, Group 3 (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 10): Side-vented needle, and Group 4 (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 10): Single-beveled needle. Irrigation was done with 5.25% NaOCl, followed by 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid. Samples were sectioned and examined under SEM at apical levels.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Statistical Analysis:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Analysis of variance followed by Tukey's\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">post hoc<\/jats:italic>\n                      test was performed.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The level of debris removal efficacy is as follows: Endovac &gt; Endo-irrigator plus &gt; Side-vented needle ~ Single-beveled needle.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Endovac showed the maximum number of debris removal and has better cleaning efficacy in the apical areas of the root canal, followed by Endo irrigator plus, Side-vented needle and Single-beveled needle.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ccd.ccd_468_20","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,21]],"date-time":"2021-09-21T12:53:32Z","timestamp":1632228812000},"page":"222-229","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Comparative Evaluation of Efficacy of Different Irrigating Needles and Devices in Removal of Debris from Apical Third of Root Canal: An In-vitro SEM Study"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Isha","family":"Srivastava","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Gorakhpur, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanjeev","family":"Srivastava","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Sardar Patel Post Graduate Institute of Dental and Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rohit","family":"Grover","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Sardar Patel Post Graduate Institute of Dental and Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ajay","family":"Paliwal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Saraswati Dental College, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 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