{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T17:21:49Z","timestamp":1787764909516,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The study aimed to present the fabrication and clinical use of a customized cranial stent made with three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction, 3D printing and replicated using heat-cured clear acrylic resin for rehabilitating a posttraumatic cranial defect. Cranial defects can result from trauma, surgical intervention, or congenital conditions, leading to neurological vulnerability, facial deformity, and psychosocial distress. Conventional reconstruction methods, such as autologous bone grafts and titanium meshes, often demand extensive intraoperative adjustments and still fail to achieve complete marginal adaptation. With advances in 3D digital technologies, patient-specific cranial prostheses can now be designed with greater accuracy, offering improved functional and esthetic outcomes while reducing surgical time. A patient presented with a cranial defect on the upper left side of the skull 6 months after a road traffic accident and neurosurgical intervention. Computed tomography data were used to digitally reconstruct the defect, and a 3D prototype was printed in polylactic acid. This served as a template for replicating the cranial stent in heat-cured clear acrylic resin. The stent was processed using conventional laboratory techniques, finished, polished, and perforated to allow fluid seepage. Presurgical verification on the 3D model confirmed accurate marginal adaptation. After ethylene oxide sterilization, the stent was surgically placed and fixed with titanium plates. Postoperative scans showed complete coverage, and at 15 days, the patient reported no discomfort, with improved craniofacial esthetics. Customized cranial stents fabricated with digital reconstruction and conventional prosthodontic methods provide accurate adaptation, restore cranial symmetry, and improve patient comfort and esthetics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4103\/ccd.ccd_616_25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T15:00:24Z","timestamp":1781535624000},"page":"137-141","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Patient-Specific Cranial Stent for Post-Traumatic Defect Rehabilitation Using Digital Reconstruction"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Shubham Uttamrao","family":"Tawade","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prosthodontics and Crown and Bridge, Sharad Pawar Dental College and Hospital, DMIHER, Wardha, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mithilesh M.","family":"Dhamande","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prosthodontics and Crown and Bridge, Sharad Pawar Dental College and Hospital, DMIHER, Wardha, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Surekha","family":"Godbole","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prosthodontics and Crown and Bridge, Sharad Pawar Dental College and Hospital, DMIHER, Wardha, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seema","family":"Sathe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prosthodontics and Crown and Bridge, Sharad Pawar Dental College and Hospital, DMIHER, Wardha, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20260803","first-page":"386","article-title":"Outcomes of cranioplasty for large cranial defects using modern materials","volume":"92","author":"Chou","year":"2016","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"key":"R2-20260803","first-page":"1523","article-title":"Complications following cranioplasty: Incidence and predictors in 348 cases","volume":"124","author":"Zanaty","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"R3-20260803","first-page":"E2","article-title":"Long-term results following titanium cranioplasty of large skull defects","volume":"41","author":"Cabraja","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurosurg Focus"},{"key":"R4-20260803","first-page":"580","article-title":"Outcomes of cranioplasty with autologous bone or alloplastic materials: Review of 500 cases","volume":"30","author":"Piitulainen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Br J Neurosurg"},{"key":"R5-20260803","first-page":"107","article-title":"Analysis of complications following cranioplasty with autologous and alloplastic bone substitutes","volume":"40","author":"Matsuno","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurosurg Rev"},{"key":"R6-20260803","first-page":"E3","article-title":"Outcomes following polyetheretherketone (PEEK) cranioplasty: Systematic review","volume":"42","author":"Punchak","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurosurg Focus"},{"key":"R7-20260803","first-page":"27","article-title":"Cranioplasty: A comprehensive review of the history, materials, surgical aspects, and complications","volume":"6","author":"Iaccarino","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Surg"},{"key":"R8-20260803","first-page":"800","article-title":"Cranioplasty: A comprehensive review of materials and techniques","volume":"6","author":"Sahoo","year":"2018","journal-title":"World J Clin Cases"},{"key":"R9-20260803","first-page":"1645","article-title":"Cranioplasty outcomes and complications in the modern era: A systematic review","volume":"133","author":"Rosinski","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"R10-20260803","first-page":"569","article-title":"Comparison of polyetheretherketone and titanium cranioplasty after decompressive craniectomy","volume":"157","author":"Thien","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)"},{"key":"R11-20260803","first-page":"94","article-title":"Long-term outcomes following patient-specific CAD\/CAM cranioplasty","volume":"25","author":"Cabraja","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"R12-20260803","first-page":"E19","article-title":"Polyetheretherketone implants for the repair of cranial defects: An analysis of complications","volume":"36","author":"Rosenthal","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurosurg Focus"},{"key":"R13-20260803","first-page":"483","article-title":"Cost-effectiveness of patient-specific cranioplasty implants","volume":"41","author":"Zanaty","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurosurg Rev"},{"key":"R14-20260803","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1097\/00001665-200303000-00003","article-title":"Clinical outcome in cranioplasty: Critical analysis of 62 cases","volume":"14","author":"Moreira-Gonzalez","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Craniofac Surg"},{"key":"R15-20260803","first-page":"646","article-title":"3D-printed patient-specific cranial implants: A systematic review of clinical applications","volume":"56","author":"Kriegel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"R16-20260803","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.4103\/0976-3147.83584","article-title":"Cranioplasty: Review of materials and techniques","volume":"2","author":"Aydin","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Neurosci Rural Pract"},{"key":"R17-20260803","first-page":"e199","article-title":"Custom 3D-printed cranial implants: A cost-effective solution for large cranial defects","volume":"134","author":"Roa","year":"2020","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"key":"R18-20260803","first-page":"146","article-title":"Patient-specific cranioplasty using 3D printing: Outcomes and advantages","volume":"67","author":"Sigaux","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurochirurgie"},{"key":"R19-20260803","first-page":"421","article-title":"Hybrid 3D-printed cranial prostheses combining digital design and manual finishing","volume":"36","author":"Kim","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Prosthodont"},{"key":"R20-20260803","first-page":"1045","article-title":"Contemporary advances in cranial prosthesis fabrication: A clinical update","volume":"130","author":"Singh","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Prosthet Dent"}],"container-title":["Contemporary Clinical Dentistry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/ccd.ccd_616_25","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T16:50:13Z","timestamp":1787763013000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/ccd.ccd_616_25"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/ccd.ccd_616_25","relation":{},"ISSN":["0976-237X","0976-2361"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0976-237X","type":"print"},{"value":"0976-2361","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-10-24","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-03-09","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}