{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T02:35:33Z","timestamp":1792204533241,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":92,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title\/>\n                    <jats:p>Hidradenitis suppurativa is a cutaneous chronic inflammatory disease that is estimated to affect about 1% of the population and caused pain, malodorous discharge, disfigurement, and poor quality of life with psychosocial problems. The typical features are recurrent painful nodules, abscesses, and sinus tracts on the axillae, groins, gluteal areas, and anogenital regions since postpuberty. Smoking and obesity are two major triggering factors of hidradenitis suppurativa. Women are prone to have hidradenitis suppurativa than men in Western countries, but the male-to-female ratio is reversed in oriental countries. The disease severity can be affected by menstruation, pregnancy, and menopause. Furthermore, the phenotypes are different among men and women with hidradenitis suppurativa. Men are prone to have buttock involvement while women are prone to have axillary, groins, and submammary lesions. This review introduces the skin appendages and pathophysiology of hidradenitis suppurativa and then focuses on the sex difference and the effects of sex hormones on hidradenitis suppurativa and current hormone-associated treatments.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/cjp.cjp_67_21","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,27]],"date-time":"2021-12-27T02:07:37Z","timestamp":1640570857000},"page":"257-265","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Hidradenitis Suppurativa"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"64","author":[{"given":"Chia-Bao","family":"Chu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chao-Chun","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaw-Jenq","family":"Tsai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-1-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1111\/exd.13211","article-title":"Should hidradenitis suppurativa\/acne inversa best be renamed as \u201cdissecting terminal hair folliculitis\u201d?","volume":"26","author":"Chen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Exp Dermatol"},{"key":"R2-1-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2008.06.020","article-title":"Prevalence and factors associated with hidradenitis suppurativa: Results from two case-control 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