{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T20:00:37Z","timestamp":1787169637241,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Heat shock protein 90\u03b1 (HSP90\u03b1) has been confirmed to be upregulated in the blood in various types of tumors and may therefore serve as a potential tumor marker. However, whether HSP90\u03b1 exists in nipple discharge remains unknown, and its expression and diagnostic value in nipple discharge remain unclear. In this study, the expression of HSP90\u03b1, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), and cancer antigen 153 in nipple discharge and blood from 128 patients was measured. Receiver operating characteristic curve was used to assess the diagnostic value of HSP90\u03b1. Further, its relationship with clinicopathological parameters of patients with breast cancer was analyzed. The results showed that the expression of HSP90\u03b1 in nipple discharge was significantly higher in patients with breast cancer than in those with benign disease, and its diagnostic value was better than that of CEA. Combination of HSP90\u03b1 and CEA showed better diagnostic efficacy than HSP90\u03b1 or CEA alone. Moreover, the expression of HSP90\u03b1 displayed a stepwise increase from benign lesions, followed by carcinoma\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in situ<\/jats:italic>\n                    to invasive ductal carcinoma. HSP90\u03b1 was positively correlated with Ki67 expression. However, there was no significant difference in the expression of HSP90\u03b1 in blood between patients with breast cancer and benign disease. Further, the expression of HSP90\u03b1 was higher in nipple discharge than in blood. In summary, HSP90\u03b1 was upregulated in the nipple discharge of patients with breast cancer, and it may be related to the occurrence and progression of breast cancer. HSP90\u03b1 in nipple discharge may serve as a potential diagnostic marker for breast cancer.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4103\/cjp.cjp_72_21","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,27]],"date-time":"2021-10-27T01:33:33Z","timestamp":1635298413000},"page":"251-256","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Heat Shock Protein 90\u03b1 in Nipple Discharge as a Potential Tumor Marker for Breast Cancer"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"64","author":[{"given":"Yan-Yan","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Breast Surgery, General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China"},{"name":"Health Management Center, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Can","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Breast Surgery, General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"Ji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sheng-Lin","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Management Center, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qi","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Management Center, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kai","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Breast Surgery, General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiang","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Breast Surgery, General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Song","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Breast Surgery, General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ya-Wen","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Breast Surgery, General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rong","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Breast Surgery, General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian-Li","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0157639","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0157639","article-title":"Different levels of CEA, CA153 and CA125 in milk and benign and malignant nipple discharge","volume":"11","author":"Zhao","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"R2-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2006.06.004","article-title":"Identification of breast cancer in patients with pathologic nipple discharge: Does ductoscopy predict malignancy?","volume":"192","author":"Louie","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Surg"},{"key":"R3-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1007\/s10549-010-0815-1","article-title":"Nipple discharge: Is its significance as a risk factor for breast cancer fully understood? 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