{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T12:47:06Z","timestamp":1788266826870,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Calcium-related ischemic injury (CRII) can damage cells of the neurovascular unit (NVU). Here, we investigate the protective effects of linalyl acetate (LA) against CRII-induced NVU damage and evaluate the underlying mechanisms. The protective effects of LA in cell lines representative of NVU components (BEND, SH-SY5Y, BV2, and U373 cells) were evaluated following exposure to oxygen-glucose deprivation\/reoxygenation alone (OGD\/R-only) or OGD\/R in the presence of 5 mM extracellular calcium ([Ca\n                    <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                    ]\n                    <jats:sub>o<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) to mimic CRII. LA reversed damage under OGD\/R-only conditions by blocking p47\n                    <jats:sup>phox<\/jats:sup>\n                    \/NADPH oxidase (NOX) 2 expression, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, nitric oxide (NO) abnormality, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release only in the BEND cells. However, under CRII-mimicking conditions, LA reversed NO abnormality and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 activation in the BEND murine brain endothelial cells; inhibited p47\n                    <jats:sup>phox<\/jats:sup>\n                    expression in the human SH-SY5Y neural-like cells; decreased NOX2 expression and ROS generation in the BV2 murine microglial cells; and reduced p47\n                    <jats:sup>phox<\/jats:sup>\n                    expression in the U373 human astrocyte-like cells. Importantly, LA protected against impairment of the neural cells, astrocytes, and microglia, all of which are cellular components of the NVU induced by exposure to CRII-mimicking conditions, by reducing LDH release. We found that LA exerted a protective effect in the BEND cells that may differ from its protective effects in other NVU cell types, following OGD\/R-induced damage in the context of elevated [Ca\n                    <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                    ]\n                    <jats:sub>o<\/jats:sub>\n                    .\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4103\/cjp.cjp_94_20","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,28]],"date-time":"2021-04-28T07:40:45Z","timestamp":1619595645000},"page":"88-96","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Protection of the neurovascular unit from calcium-related ischemic injury by linalyl acetate"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"64","author":[{"given":"Yu Shan","family":"Hsieh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic Nursing Science, School of Nursing, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of 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