{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T19:34:46Z","timestamp":1786649686028,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Dentin hypersensitivity (DH) is a prevalent clinical condition, occurring when exposed dentin reacts to various thermal, chemical, or mechanical stimuli. Although different interventions such as fluoride varnish, adhesives, and natural bioactive compounds have been tested, there is still a demand for more effective and durable solutions.This study aimed to evaluate the ability of a nanoemulsion containing\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Nigella sativa<\/jats:italic>\n                      nanoparticles encapsulated in propolis nanomicelles to occlude dentinal tubules and to compare its performance with fluoride varnish under the simulated acidic and mechanical challenges.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In this\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      study, hydroethanolic extract of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Nigella sativa<\/jats:italic>\n                      was encapsulated in propolis-based micelles to prepare the nanoemulsion. Thirty-six extracted human third molars were sectioned at the mid-crown and randomly assigned to four groups (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 9): (1) normal saline, (2) nanoemulsion (15-min immersion), (3) nanoemulsion (30-min immersion), and (4) 5% fluoride varnish. Each group was further divided into three subgroups: control (no challenge), acid challenge, and simulated toothbrushing. Scanning electron microscopy at \u00d7 4000 magnification was used to quantify the percentage of occluded dentinal tubules. Data were analyzed with the two-way analysis of variance and least significant difference\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">post hoc<\/jats:italic>\n                      tests at a significance level of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2264 0.05.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Material type (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.018), challenge regimen (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001), and their interaction (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001) significantly influenced occlusion percentage. The highest occlusion was observed with nanoemulsion (30-min immersion) in the acid challenge subgroup (46.78%), followed by nanoemulsion (15-min immersion) after toothbrushing (41.85%), and fluoride varnish in the acid challenge subgroup (37.19%). Acidic and brushing challenges significantly reduced occlusion in all groups (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Nanoemulsion containing\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Nigella sativa<\/jats:italic>\n                      nanoparticles within propolis nanomicelles demonstrated superior dentinal tubule occlusion compared to fluoride varnish, with notable resistance to acid and brushing challenges. Given their natural origin, anti-inflammatory, and remineralizing properties, such nanoformulations may offer an effective and biocompatible alternative for managing DH. Clinical studies are recommended to validate these findings\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/drj.drj_13_25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,30]],"date-time":"2025-12-30T16:00:10Z","timestamp":1767110410000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effectiveness of a nanoemulsion-containing Nigella sativa nanoparticles encapsulated in propolis nanomicelles on dentin tubule occlusion: An scanning electron microscopy study"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Niloofar","family":"Shadman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Oral and Dental Diseases Research Center, Department of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Faeze","family":"Hamze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Operative Dentistry, Shahed Dental School, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatemeh","family":"Habibagahi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oral and Dental Diseases Research Center, Department of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Razieh","family":"Hoseinifar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oral and Dental Diseases Research Center, Department of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahnaz","family":"Amiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahsa","family":"Fatahi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20251230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11632","DOI":"10.3390\/app132111632","article-title":"Dentin hypersensitivity:Etiology, diagnosis, and contemporary therapeutic approaches-a review in literature","volume":"13","author":"Dionysopoulos","year":"2023","journal-title":"Appl Sci"},{"key":"R2-20251230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.17219\/dmp\/143354","article-title":"Successful management of dentin hypersensitivity:A narrative 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evaluation of the effectiveness of desensitizing agents in dentine tubule occlusion using scanning electron microscopy","volume":"60","author":"Chen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Aust Dent J"},{"key":"R14-20251230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-8490.129026","article-title":"The effect of 30% ethanolic extract of Indian propolis on replica of human dentin compared against commercially available desensitizing agent:A methodological SEM study in vitro","volume":"6","author":"Hongal","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pharmacognosy Res"},{"key":"R15-20251230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1049\/nbt2.12018","article-title":"Nanomicelles:Types, properties and applications in drug delivery","volume":"15","author":"Bose","year":"2021","journal-title":"IET Nanobiotechnol"},{"key":"R16-20251230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.4103\/ijpvm.IJPVM_276_18","article-title":"Effect of hydroethanolic extract of 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