{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T14:23:42Z","timestamp":1787840622086,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]],"date-time":"2024-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727740800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>With recent increases in demand for the esthetic aspects of orthodontic treatments, the use of ceramic brackets has gained more popularity. Dental demineralization is a frequent, undesired effect of microbial biofilm adhesion to orthodontic appliances. The crystalline structure of ceramics results in different material properties, and its possible effect on microbial adhesion was investigated in this study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This research was conducted experimentally and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      . Samples consisted of 40 monocrystalline and 40 polycrystalline brackets, further divided into two groups incubated with either\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Streptococcus mutans<\/jats:italic>\n                      alone or\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">S. mutans<\/jats:italic>\n                      with\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Candida albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                      . The culture medium was Tryptic Soy Broth with 20% sucrose. All samples were incubated at 37\u00b0C for 48 h. Macroscopic detachment of the formed biofilm would be the basis for adhesion scoring. The Mann\u2013Whitney test was used to analyze the adhesion scores. In this study, a significance level of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.05 was considered.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The mean for adhesion score in\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">S. mutans<\/jats:italic>\n                      group was 1.85 \u00b1 0.67 for the monocrystalline group and 2.35 \u00b1 0.59 for the polycrystalline group (27% difference,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.035). The adhesion score in\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">S. mutans<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">C. albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                      group was lower in the monocrystalline group (1.6 vs. 2.0) but was not statistically significant (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.108).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This study showed that monocrystalline ceramic brackets had less overall microbial biofilm adhesion compared to polycrystalline ceramic brackets, especially when incubated with\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">S. mutans<\/jats:italic>\n                      alone. This observation might be explained primarily by lower surface roughness in monocrystalline ceramics.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/drj.drj_84_24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,21]],"date-time":"2024-11-21T01:01:35Z","timestamp":1732150895000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Effect of the crystalline structure of ceramic orthodontic brackets on the adherence of Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans: An in vitro study"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Aidin","family":"Hasanzadeh Azhiri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Tehran Azad University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Tashakor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Tehran Azad University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kamal","family":"Mirmohammadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Tehran Azad University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reza","family":"Rasooli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Tehran Azad University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20241121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2008.09.020","article-title":"Attractiveness, acceptability, and value of orthodontic appliances","volume":"135","author":"Rosvall","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"R3-20241121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20418","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-47827-w","article-title":"Dimensional accuracy, mechanical property, and optical stability of zirconia orthodontic bracket according to yttria proportions","volume":"13","author":"Park","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"R4-20241121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.1995.tb01765.x","article-title":"The influence of surface roughness and surface-free energy on supra- and subgingival plaque formation in man. 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