{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T19:04:13Z","timestamp":1790363053554,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"04","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,1]],"date-time":"2019-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1569888000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":730,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Dent"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>The psychological aspects of chronic pain conditions represent a key component of the pain experience, and orofacial pain conditions are not an exception. In this review, we highlight how psychological factors affect some common oral mucosal and orofacial pain conditions (namely, oral lichen planus, recurrent aphthous stomatitis, burning mouth syndrome, and temporomandibular disorders) with emphasis on the significance of supplementing classical biomedical treatment modalities with appropriate psychological counseling to improve treatment outcomes in targeted patients. A literature search restricted to reports with highest relevance to the selected mucosal and orofacial pain conditions was carried out to retrieve data.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4103\/ejd.ejd_11_17","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,24]],"date-time":"2017-11-24T00:32:28Z","timestamp":1511483548000},"page":"548-552","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Psychological factors in oral mucosal and orofacial pain conditions"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Mohammad S.","family":"Alrashdan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Medicine and Oral Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mustafa","family":"Alkhader","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Medicine and Oral Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"key-10.4103\/1305-7456.219165-1","first-page":"45","volume-title":"Central mechanisms of orofacial pain","author":"Merrill","year":"2007","journal-title":"Dent Clin North Am"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1305-7456.219165-2","first-page":"105","volume-title":"Temporomandibular disorders: Associated features","author":"Auvenshine","year":"2007","journal-title":"Dent Clin North Am"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1305-7456.219165-3","first-page":"14","volume-title":"Acute vs.chronic pain","author":"Auvenshine","year":"2000","journal-title":"Tex Dent J"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1305-7456.219165-4","first-page":"133","volume-title":"The classification of orofacial pains","author":"Okeson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1305-7456.219165-5","first-page":"185","volume-title":"Psychological considerations for chronic orofacial pain","author":"Carlson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1305-7456.219165-6","first-page":"223","volume-title":"Psychobiologic views on stress-related oral ulcers","author":"Chiappelli","year":"2004","journal-title":"Quintessence Int"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1305-7456.219165-7","first-page":"S25","volume-title":"Orofacial pain","author":"Hargreaves","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1305-7456.219165-8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Macfarlane TV, Kincey J, Worthington HV. The association between psychological factors and oro-facial pain: A community-based study. Eur J Pain 2002;6:427-34.","DOI":"10.1016\/S1090-3801(02)00045-9"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1305-7456.219165-9","first-page":"245","volume-title":"Fear of pain in orofacial pain patients","author":"McNeil","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1305-7456.219165-10","first-page":"ZC39","volume-title":"The association between psychological factors and orofacial pain and its effect on quality of life: A hospital based study","author":"Nagarajappa","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Clin Diagn Res"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1305-7456.219165-11","first-page":"14","volume-title":"Explanatory models of illness and treatment goals in temporomandibular disorder pain patients reporting different levels of pain-related disability","author":"Forssell","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Oral Facial Pain Headache"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1305-7456.219165-12","first-page":"47","volume-title":"Physical self-regulation training for the management of temporomandibular disorders","author":"Carlson","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Orofac Pain"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1305-7456.219165-13","first-page":"175","volume-title":"Brief group cognitive-behavioral intervention for temporomandibular disorders","author":"Dworkin","year":"1994","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1305-7456.219165-14","first-page":"101","volume-title":"Evaluation of the effectiveness of biobehavioral therapy in the treatment of temporomandibular disorders: A literature review","author":"Orlando","year":"2007","journal-title":"Behav Med"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1305-7456.219165-15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Patton LL, Siegel MA, Benoliel R, De Laat A. Management of burning mouth syndrome: Systematic review and management recommendations. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2007;103 Suppl:S39.e1-13.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2006.11.009"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1305-7456.219165-16","first-page":"293","volume-title":"Interventions for the treatment of burning mouth syndrome: A systematic review","author":"Zakrzewska","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Orofac Pain"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1305-7456.219165-17","first-page":"457","volume-title":"Burning mouth syndrome: A review and update","author":"Silvestre","year":"2015","journal-title":"Rev Neurol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1305-7456.219165-18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Peters S, Goldthorpe J, McElroy C, King E, Javidi H, Tickle M, et al. Managing chronic orofacial pain: A qualitative study of patients', doctors', and dentists' experiences. Br J Health Psychol 2015;20:777-91.","DOI":"10.1111\/bjhp.12141"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1305-7456.219165-19","first-page":"CD008456","volume-title":"Psychosocial interventions for the management of chronic orofacial pain","author":"Aggarwal","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1305-7456.219165-20","first-page":"396","volume-title":"Differential diagnosis for orofacial pain, including sinusitis, TMD, trigeminal neuralgia","author":"Hegarty","year":"2011","journal-title":"Dent Update"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1305-7456.219165-21","first-page":"89","volume-title":"Oral lichen planus and lichenoid reactions: Etiopathogenesis, diagnosis, management and malignant transformation","author":"Ismail","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Oral Sci"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1305-7456.219165-22","first-page":"89","volume-title":"Oral lichen planus","author":"Parashar","year":"2011","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Clin North Am"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1305-7456.219165-23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jurge S, Kuffer R, Scully C, Porter SR. Mucosal disease series. Number VI. Recurrent aphthous stomatitis. Oral Dis 2006;12:1-21.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1601-0825.2005.01143.x"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1305-7456.219165-24","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Association between psychological disorders and the presence of Oral lichen planus, Burning mouth syndrome and Recurrent aphthous stomatitis","author":"Soto","year":"2004","journal-title":"Med Oral"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1305-7456.219165-25","first-page":"564","volume-title":"Awareness assessment in Turkish subpopulation with chronic oral mucosal diseases","author":"Okumus","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur J Dent","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/1305-7456","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1305-7456.219165-26","first-page":"192","volume-title":"Psychosocial stressors in oral lichen planus","author":"Chaudhary","year":"2004","journal-title":"Aust Dent J"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1305-7456.219165-27","first-page":"687","volume-title":"Psychologic factors and oral lichen planus.A psychometric evaluation of 100 cases","author":"Rojo-Moreno","year":"1998","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1305-7456.219165-28","first-page":"126","volume-title":"Meeting the educational needs of patients with oral lichen planus","author":"Burkhart","year":"1997","journal-title":"Gen Dent"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1305-7456.219165-29","first-page":"429","volume-title":"Psychoneuroimmunology in oral biology and medicine: The model of oral lichen planus","author":"Prolo","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1305-7456.219165-30","first-page":"225","volume-title":"Psychoneuroimmunology and health psychology: An integrative model","author":"Lutgendorf","year":"2003","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1305-7456.219165-31","first-page":"119","volume-title":"Psychologic stress and recurrent aphthous ulceration","author":"Pedersen","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Oral Pathol Med"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1305-7456.219165-32","first-page":"259","volume-title":"Oral medicine \u2013 Update for the dental practitioner.Aphthous and other common ulcers","author":"Scully","year":"2005","journal-title":"Br Dent J"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1305-7456.219165-33","first-page":"149","volume-title":"Effect of stressful life events on the onset and duration of recurrent aphthous stomatitis","author":"Huling","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Oral Pathol Med"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1305-7456.219165-34","first-page":"291","volume-title":"Increased anxiety level and high salivary and serum cortisol concentrations in patients with recurrent aphthous stomatitis","author":"Albanidou-Farmaki","year":"2008","journal-title":"Tohoku J Exp Med"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1305-7456.219165-35","first-page":"357","volume-title":"Salivary cortisol and anxiety in recurrent aphthous stomatitis","author":"McCartan","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Oral Pathol Med"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1305-7456.219165-36","first-page":"700","volume-title":"Oxidative stress and myeloperoxidase levels in saliva of patients with recurrent aphthous stomatitis","author":"Caglayan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Oral Dis"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1305-7456.219165-37","first-page":"443","volume-title":"Neuroendocrine and immune system interactions in stress and depression","author":"Miller","year":"1998","journal-title":"Psychiatr Clin North Am"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1305-7456.219165-38","first-page":"142","volume-title":"Psychiatric disorders in burning mouth syndrome","author":"de","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Psychosom Res"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1305-7456.219165-39","first-page":"378","volume-title":"Psychiatric comorbidity in patients with burning mouth syndrome","author":"Bogetto","year":"1998","journal-title":"Psychosom Med"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1305-7456.219165-40","first-page":"339","volume-title":"Psychological profile in burning mouth syndrome","author":"Al","year":"2004","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1305-7456.219165-41","first-page":"61","volume-title":"Myogenous temporomandibular disorders: Diagnostic and management considerations","author":"Fricton","year":"2007","journal-title":"Dent Clin North Am"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1305-7456.219165-42","first-page":"105","volume-title":"Differential diagnosis of temporomandibular disorders and other orofacial pain disorders","author":"Okeson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Dent Clin North Am"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1305-7456.219165-43","first-page":"154","volume-title":"Sleep and depression as risk indicators for temporomandibular disorders in a cross-cultural perspective: A case-control study","author":"Selaimen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int J Prosthodont"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1305-7456.219165-44","first-page":"46","volume-title":"Management of myofascial pain by therapeutic ultrasound and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation: A comparative study","author":"Rai","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur J Dent","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/1305-7456","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1305-7456.219165-45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Michelotti A, Martina R, Russo M, Romeo R. Personality characteristics of temporomandibular disorder patients using M.M.P.I. Cranio 1998;16:119-25.","DOI":"10.1080\/08869634.1998.11746048"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1305-7456.219165-46","first-page":"73","volume-title":"Depression, anhedonia and anxiety in temporomandibular joint and other facial pain syndromes","author":"Marbach","year":"1981","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1305-7456.219165-47","first-page":"709","volume-title":"Influence of depression and somatization on acute and chronic orofacial pain in patients with single or multiple TMD diagnoses","author":"Celic","year":"2011","journal-title":"Coll Antropol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1305-7456.219165-48","first-page":"765","volume-title":"Psychosocial impairment in temporomandibular disorders patients.RDC\/TMD axis II findings from a multicentre study","author":"Manfredini","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Dent"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1305-7456.219165-49","first-page":"48","volume-title":"A randomized clinical trial using research diagnostic criteria for temporomandibular disorders-axis II to target clinic cases for a tailored self-care TMD treatment program","author":"Dworkin","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Orofac Pain"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1305-7456.219165-50","first-page":"31","volume-title":"Clinical effectiveness of cognitive behavior therapy in the management of TMD","author":"Morishige","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int J Prosthodont"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Dentistry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/products\/ejournals\/pdf\/10.4103\/ejd.ejd_11_17.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,6]],"date-time":"2019-10-06T14:45:17Z","timestamp":1570373117000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/DOI\/DOI?10.4103\/ejd.ejd_11_17"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,10]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"04","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,10]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/ejd.ejd_11_17","relation":{},"ISSN":["1305-7456","1305-7464"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1305-7456","type":"print"},{"value":"1305-7464","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,10]]}}}