{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T00:15:55Z","timestamp":1790381755130,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"02","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,16]],"date-time":"2019-09-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1568592000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":533,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Dent"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>Objectives: The objective was to assess the prevalence of all forms of dental fluorosis (DF), the severity, and the request for treatment as a measure of the burden of the condition among adult patients seen at a tertiary health facility in an endemic region of Northeastern Nigeria. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study that collected required information using a questionnaire from adult dental patients followed by dental examination to assess for DF. Statistical Analysis Used: Associations between sociodemographic distributions (age and gender) and prevalence were analyzed on the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences using the Chi-square test. Analysis was done at 95% confidence interval and the level of statistical significance was set at P &lt; 0.05. Results: Three hundred and twelve patients (41.7%) were diagnosed with DF among the patients who resided in the endemic region with a calculated Community Fluorosis Index of 0.62. The mean age of the affected patients was 33.8 \u00b1 9.2 years, with a majority of the patients in the 16\u201325 (47.4%) years' age group and a preponderance among females (P = 0.003). A greater proportion of the 312 diagnosed patients, 201 (64.3%), had fluorosis of esthetic concern, while only 9.3% sought treatment. Most of these patients that sought treatment had the severe form of the enamel defect. Conclusions: DF should be considered as a condition of public health importance in this region. It is necessary to conduct a community-based study and fluoride mapping of the northeastern region as well to determine other factors that may contribute to its occurrence in this population.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4103\/ejd.ejd_260_17","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,7]],"date-time":"2018-06-07T05:40:35Z","timestamp":1528350035000},"page":"184-190","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Prevalence, severity, and request for treatment of dental fluorosis among adults in an endemic region of Northern Nigeria"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Paul Ikhodaro","family":"Idon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dental Surgery, University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital, Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joan Emien","family":"Enabulele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Benin, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"key-10.4103\/1305-7456.233861-1","first-page":"230","volume-title":"Effects of fluorosis and bleaching on shear bond strengths of orthodontic brackets","author":"Adanir","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur J Dent","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/1305-7456","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1305-7456.233861-2","first-page":"111","volume-title":"A quantitative look at fluorosis, fluoride exposure, and intake in children using a health risk assessment approach","author":"Erdal","year":"2005","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1305-7456.233861-3","first-page":"3","volume-title":"Therapeutic management of dental fluorosis: A critical review of literature","author":"Akpata","year":"2014","journal-title":"S J Oral Sci"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1305-7456.233861-4","first-page":"59","volume-title":"Fluoride and environmental health: A review","author":"Ozsvath","year":"2009","journal-title":"Rev Environ Sci Bio Technol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1305-7456.233861-5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang K, Liang X. 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