{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]],"date-time":"2026-07-06T23:27:03Z","timestamp":1783380423815,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"01","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,25]],"date-time":"2019-09-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1569369600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":997,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Dent"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>\n          Objective: This study sought to assess the influence of cervical preflaring and reuse after resterilization, on fracture strength and plastic deformation and\/or surface cracking in reciprocating nickel\u2013titanium [NiTi] endodontic instruments after root canal instrumentation of extracted human teeth. Materials and Methods: Forty engine-driven reciprocating NiTi instruments (20 Reciproc\u00ae [RC], VDW; 20 WaveOne\u00ae [WO], Dentsply) were used in root canal instrumentation of extracted human molars. A total of 485 human upper molars with similar anatomical features were selected and randomly distributed across four groups according to the instrumentation procedures performed (G1 and G3: RC; G2 and G4: WO). Reciprocating instruments were used as per manufacturer instructions. In groups G3 and G4, cervical preflaring was performed prior to instrumentation. After each use of each instrument, sterilization was repeated and scanning electron microscope (SEM) images were obtained to check for plastic deformations and\/or cracks on instrument surfaces. Each instrument was used repeatedly until fracture occurred. Results: Regardless of flaring, RC files exhibited greater fracture strength than WO instruments (P&lt;0.01) with and without preflaring. Cervical preflaring significantly reduced the risk of instrument fracture (P&lt;0.01). No plastic deformations were observed before fracturing. However, cracks were found on WO instruments shortly after their first use. RC and WO instruments resisted fracturing after autoclave sterilization. Conclusions: Cervical preflaring allowed a significant increase in the number of times RC and WO files could be reused safely.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4103\/ejd.ejd_272_16","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,21]],"date-time":"2017-03-21T09:35:24Z","timestamp":1490088924000},"page":"041-047","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Influence of reuse and cervical preflaring on the fracture strength of reciprocating instruments"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Claudio","family":"Maniglia-Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endodontics, Course of Dentistry, University of Fortaleza, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabio","family":"de Almeida Gomes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endodontics, Course of Dentistry, University of Fortaleza, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tatyana","family":"Ximenes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endodontics, Course of Dentistry, University of Fortaleza, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Murilo Alves Teixeira","family":"Neto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endodontics, Course of Dentistry, University of Fortaleza, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thiane Elys","family":"Arruda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endodontics, Course of Dentistry, University of Fortaleza, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovani Gon\u00e7alves","family":"Ribamar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Cear\u00e1, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luis Fl\u00e1vio Gaspar","family":"Herculano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Cear\u00e1, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"key-10.4103\/1305-7456.202626-1","first-page":"310","volume-title":"The impact of clinical use on the torsional behavior of Reciproc and WaveOne instruments","author":"Magalh\u00e3es","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Appl Oral Sci"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1305-7456.202626-2","first-page":"1939","volume-title":"Current assessment of reciprocation in endodontic preparation: A comprehensive review \u2013 Part I: Properties and effectiveness","author":"Plotino","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1305-7456.202626-3","first-page":"40","volume-title":"SEM observations of nickel-titanium rotary endodontic instruments that fractured during clinical Use","author":"Alapati","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1305-7456.202626-4","first-page":"987","volume-title":"Cyclic fatigue of nickel-titanium rotary instruments in a double (S-shaped) simulated curvature","author":"Al-Sudani","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1305-7456.202626-5","first-page":"55","volume-title":"Cyclic fatigue of three types of rotary nickel-titanium files in a dynamic model","author":"Yao","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1305-7456.202626-6","first-page":"505","volume-title":"Canal shaping with WaveOne Primary reciprocating files and ProTaper system: A comparative study","author":"Berutti","year":"2012","journal-title":"J 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instrument manufactured by electrical discharge machining","author":"Pedull\u00e0","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1305-7456.202626-16","first-page":"1398","volume-title":"Investigation on the shaping ability of nickel-titanium files when used with a reciprocating motion","author":"Franco","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1305-7456.202626-17","first-page":"105","volume-title":"Metallurgical characterization of M-Wire nickel-titanium shape memory alloy used for endodontic rotary instruments during low-cycle fatigue","author":"Ye","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1305-7456.202626-18","first-page":"626","volume-title":"Low-cycle fatigue of NiTi rotary instruments of various cross-sectional shapes","author":"Cheung","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int Endod J"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1305-7456.202626-19","first-page":"1394","volume-title":"Influence of cross-sectional design and dimension on mechanical behavior of nickel-titanium instruments under torsion and bending: A numerical analysis","author":"Zhang","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1305-7456.202626-20","first-page":"614","volume-title":"Cyclic fatigue of Reciproc and WaveOne reciprocating instruments","author":"Plotino","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int Endod J"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1305-7456.202626-21","first-page":"1245","volume-title":"Cyclic fatigue resistance of nickel-titanium instruments after immersion in irrigant solutions with or without surfactants","author":"Pedull\u00e0","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1305-7456.202626-22","first-page":"913","volume-title":"Cyclic fatigue resistance of 3 different nickel-titanium reciprocating instruments in artificial canals","author":"Higuera","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1305-7456.202626-23","first-page":"101","volume-title":"Root canal anatomy preservation of WaveOne reciprocating 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