{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T14:33:27Z","timestamp":1780065207753,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"02","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,16]],"date-time":"2019-09-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1568592000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":533,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Dent"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>\n          Objective: The objective is to study the effect of obesity on dental caries among schoolchildren in Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. Materials and Methods: The sample comprised 803, 11\u201317-year-old schoolchildren. The study was in the form of a randomized cross-sectional manner. Method used was two questioners. The first assessed socioeconomic and general health and the second detailed their demographic, oral hygiene, and dietary habits. Dental examination included dental caries assessment using the World Health Organization 1997 criteria and gingival health valuation. Clinical examination consisted of height, weight, and body mass index (BMI). Data analysis was done by descriptive, univariate, and multiple regressions. Results: In this sample, 75% had dental caries and the mean decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) was 3.19 (standard deviation: 2.9). Obesity was seen in 15% of the adolescents and the mean BMI was 21. The link between DMFT and BMI, when evaluated using univariate analysis, showed a significant correlation (r = 0.097, P = 0.006), indicating that the rise in BMI by 10 points resulted in an increase in DMFT by 0.57. However, in the multivariate analysis, a significant relationship was observed only between father's education (P &lt; 0.001), adolescent's age (P &lt; 0.001), gender (P = 0.008), ethnicity (P = 0.001), and soft drink consumption with DMFT while BMI showed a significant association with age (P &lt; 0.001), school fees (P = 0.005), obesity in family (P &lt; 0.001), and soft drink consumption (P &lt; 0.001). Conclusions: Obesity and dental caries were not significantly associated. The most important predictor for obesity and dental caries was soft drink consumption.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4103\/ejd.ejd_29_18","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,7]],"date-time":"2018-06-07T09:40:35Z","timestamp":1528364435000},"page":"217-224","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Evaluating the risk factors that link obesity and dental caries in 11\u201317-year-old school going children in the United Arab Emirates"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Foroogh Abdalla","family":"Khadri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Sharjah Specialised Dental Centre, Ministry of Health and Prevention, Sharjah, UAE"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vellore Kannan","family":"Gopinath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark P.","family":"Hector","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Dentistry, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth S.","family":"Davenport","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Oral growth and Development (Paediatric Dentistry), Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"key-10.4103\/1305-7456.233863-1","unstructured":"WHO. Diet, Nutrition and the Prevention of Chronic Disease. Technical Report Series No. 916. Geneva: World Health Organization\/Food and Agriculture Organization; 2003."},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1305-7456.233863-2","first-page":"838S","volume-title":"Fat and sugar: An economic analysis","author":"Drewnowski","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1305-7456.233863-3","first-page":"486","volume-title":"Nutrition transition and global dietary trends","author":"Drewnowski","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nutrition"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1305-7456.233863-4","first-page":"635","volume-title":"Obesity as a medical problem","author":"Kopelman","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1305-7456.233863-5","first-page":"471","volume-title":"Prevalence of overweight and obesity among bahraini adolescents: A comparison between three different sets of criteria","author":"Al-Sendi","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1305-7456.233863-6","first-page":"251","volume-title":"Overweight and obesity in the arabian peninsula: An overview","author":"al-Mahroos","year":"1999","journal-title":"J R Soc Promot Health"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1305-7456.233863-7","first-page":"27","volume-title":"Obesity among Saudi male adolescents in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","author":"Al-Rukban","year":"2003","journal-title":"Saudi Med J"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1305-7456.233863-8","first-page":"498","volume-title":"Prevalence of obesity among school children in the United Arab Emirates","author":"Al-Haddad","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Hum Biol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1305-7456.233863-9","first-page":"72","volume-title":"Childhood obesity in United Arab Emirates schoolchildren: A national study","author":"Al-Haddad","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann Hum Biol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1305-7456.233863-10","first-page":"50","volume-title":"Relationships between frequency of family meals, BMI and nutritional aspects of the home food environment among New Zealand adolescents","author":"Utter","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1305-7456.233863-11","first-page":"385","volume-title":"Nutritional impact in oral health promotion","author":"Moynihan","year":"2003","journal-title":"Oral Health Prev Dent"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1305-7456.233863-12","first-page":"459","volume-title":"Dental caries and body mass index by socio-economic status in Swedish children","author":"Gerdin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Community Dent Oral Epidemiol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1305-7456.233863-13","first-page":"993","volume-title":"National survey of the oral health of 12- and 15-year-old schoolchildren in the United Arab Emirates","author":"El-Nadeef","year":"2009","journal-title":"East Mediterr Health J"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1305-7456.233863-14","first-page":"57","volume-title":"Body mass index and dental caries in children and adolescents: A systematic review of literature published 2004 to 2011","author":"Hooley","year":"2012","journal-title":"Syst Rev"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1305-7456.233863-15","first-page":"1724","volume-title":"The built environment and health: Introducing individual space-time behavior","author":"Saarloos","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1305-7456.233863-16","first-page":"15","volume-title":"Prevalence of overweight and obesity among children in the United Arab Emirates","author":"Malik","year":"2007","journal-title":"Obes Rev"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1305-7456.233863-17","first-page":"23","volume-title":"Association between childhood obesity and smooth-surface caries in posterior teeth: A preliminary study","author":"Hilgers","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pediatr Dent"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1305-7456.233863-18","unstructured":"WHO. Oral Health Survey: Basic Mehods. 4th ed. Geneva: World Health Organization; 1997a."},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1305-7456.233863-19","first-page":"6","volume-title":"British Association for the Study of Community Dentistry (BASCD) diagnostic criteria for caries prevalence surveys-1996\/97","author":"Pitts","year":"1997","journal-title":"Community Dent Health"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1305-7456.233863-20","first-page":"325","volume-title":"Breakfast-skipping in children and young adolescents in The Netherlands","author":"Brugman","year":"1998","journal-title":"Eur J Public Health"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1305-7456.233863-21","first-page":"405","volume-title":"Skipping breakfast, alcohol consumption and physical inactivity as risk factors for overweight and obesity in adolescents: Results of the E-MOVO project","author":"Croezen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1305-7456.233863-22","first-page":"296","volume-title":"The effect of breakfast type on total daily energy intake and body mass index: Results from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III)","author":"Cho","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Am Coll Nutr"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1305-7456.233863-23","first-page":"26","volume-title":"Use of the Revised Children's Diet Quality Index to assess preschooler's diet quality, its sociodemographic predictors, and its association with body weight status","author":"Kranz","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Pediatr (Rio J)"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1305-7456.233863-24","first-page":"31","volume-title":"Combination of low parental educational attainment and high parental income related to high caries experience in pre-school children in Abu Dhabi","author":"Al-Hosani","year":"1998","journal-title":"Community Dent Oral Epidemiol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1305-7456.233863-25","first-page":"667","volume-title":"Effects of soft drink consumption on nutrition and health: A systematic review and meta-analysis","author":"Vartanian","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1305-7456.233863-26","first-page":"346","volume-title":"Physical activity and levels of inactivity in adolescent females ages 11-16 years in the United Arab Emirates","author":"Henry","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Hum Biol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1305-7456.233863-27","first-page":"109","volume-title":"Characterizing the obesogenic environment: The state of the evidence with directions for future research","author":"Kirk","year":"2010","journal-title":"Obes Rev"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1305-7456.233863-28","first-page":"9","volume-title":"Distribution of dental health behaviors in nordic schoolchildren","author":"Rise","year":"1991","journal-title":"Community Dent Oral Epidemiol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1305-7456.233863-29","first-page":"1602","volume-title":"Oral hygiene habits of 11-year-old schoolchildren in 22 European countries and Canada in 1993\/1994","author":"Kuusela","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Dent Res"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1305-7456.233863-30","first-page":"36","volume-title":"Assessment of gingival health among school children in Sharjah, United Arab Emirates","author":"Gopinath","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur J Dent","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/1305-7456","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1305-7456.233863-31","first-page":"172","volume-title":"A comparative study of prevalence of overweight and obesity in children in different provinces of Saudi Arabia","author":"El-Hazmi","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Trop Pediatr"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1305-7456.233863-32","first-page":"1273","volume-title":"Body mass index, overweight and obesity among Kuwaiti intermediate school adolescents aged 10-14 years","author":"Al-Isa","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1305-7456.233863-33","first-page":"461","volume-title":"Prevalence of overweight and obesity among young people in Great Britain","author":"Jebb","year":"2004","journal-title":"Public Health Nutr"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1305-7456.233863-34","first-page":"392","volume-title":"Obesity in Eastern Europe: An overview of its health and economic implications","author":"Knai","year":"2007","journal-title":"Econ Hum Biol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1305-7456.233863-35","first-page":"55","volume-title":"The relationship between healthful eating practices and dental caries in children aged 2-5 years in the United States, 1988-1994","author":"Dye","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Am Dent Assoc"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1305-7456.233863-36","first-page":"449","volume-title":"Dental caries and childhood obesity: Roles of diet and socioeconomic status","author":"Marshall","year":"2007","journal-title":"Community Dent Oral Epidemiol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1305-7456.233863-37","first-page":"1494S","volume-title":"Childhood obesity: Are genetic differences involved?","author":"Bouchard","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1305-7456.233863-38","first-page":"294","volume-title":"Adverse effects of dietary fructose","author":"Gaby","year":"2005","journal-title":"Altern Med Rev"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Dentistry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/products\/ejournals\/pdf\/10.4103\/ejd.ejd_29_18.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,16]],"date-time":"2019-09-16T22:53:14Z","timestamp":1568674394000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/DOI\/DOI?10.4103\/ejd.ejd_29_18"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,4]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"02","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,16]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,4]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/ejd.ejd_29_18","relation":{},"ISSN":["1305-7456","1305-7464"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1305-7456","type":"print"},{"value":"1305-7464","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,4]]}}}