{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T15:29:52Z","timestamp":1790782192633,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"03","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,4]],"date-time":"2019-10-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1570147200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":825,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Dent"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>The use of psychometric tools to assess various psychological aspects of malocclusion and treatment is increasing in orthodontics. Mere evaluation of an orthodontic patient with normative criteria is not enough; instead, the psychological status should be assessed using a questionnaire. Many generic and few condition-specific tools are available for assessing quality of life (QoL) in orthodontics. The steps involved in the development of such tools are complex and unknown to many. This article outlines the methodology involved in the development and validation of a psychometric tool for dental and orthodontic use. It also helps the clinician to translate and cross-culturally adapt an existing QoL tool to a different setting.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4103\/ejd.ejd_322_16","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,17]],"date-time":"2018-08-17T04:59:29Z","timestamp":1534481969000},"page":"411-416","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["How to develop and validate a questionnaire for orthodontic research"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Elbe","family":"Peter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, Government Dental College, Kottayam, Kerala, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R. M.","family":"Baiju","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontics, Government Dental College, Kottayam, Kerala, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N. O.","family":"Varghese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Conservative Dentistry, PMS Dental College, University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Remadevi","family":"Sivaraman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health Policy and Planning Studies, Kerala University of Health Sciences, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David L.","family":"Streiner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"key-10.4103\/1305-7456.213237-1","first-page":"195","volume-title":"Development of a condition-specific quality of life measure for patients with dentofacial deformity: I.Reliability of the instrument","author":"Cunningham","year":"2000","journal-title":"Community Dent Oral Epidemiol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1305-7456.213237-2","first-page":"401","volume-title":"What do measures of 'oral health-related quality of life' measure?","author":"Locker","year":"2007","journal-title":"Community Dent Oral Epidemiol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1305-7456.213237-3","first-page":"59","volume-title":"Linking clinical variables with health-related quality of life.A conceptual model of patient outcomes","author":"Wilson","year":"1995","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1305-7456.213237-4","first-page":"1057","volume-title":"Development of a conceptual model of oral health for malocclusion patients","author":"Masood","year":"2015","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1305-7456.213237-5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Streiner DL, Norman GR, Cairney J. 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