{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T16:28:59Z","timestamp":1787761739391,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title\/>\n                    <jats:p>Cervical cerclages are associated with improved live birth rates and have low short- and long-term risks. However, there have been reports of fistula formation or erosion of cerclage into the surrounding tissue. Those complications are uncommon and yet are serious. The risk factors associated with its development are still unclear. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the incidence of fistula formation or erosion following transvaginal cervical cerclage and the associated clinical and sociodemographic factors. We conducted a systematic search of PubMed, Medline, and Embase databases to retrieve articles related to transvaginal or transabdominal cervical cerclage. Databases were searched up to July 2021. The study protocol was registered (PROSPERO ID 243542). A total of 82 articles were identified describing cervical cerclage and erosion or fistula formation. A total of 9 full-text articles were included. There were seven case reports and series that described 11 patients who experienced late complications following cervical cerclage. Many of the cerclage procedures were done electively (66.7%). The most common type of cerclage was McDonald (80%). While all cases reported fistula formation, the main location was vesicovaginal fistulas (63.6%). One patient (9.1%) had erosion of their cerclage and another (9.1%) had bladder calculi. Of 75 patients who underwent cerclage in two retrospective case reviews, the overall incidence of fistula was 1.3% and abscess was also 1.3%. Although rare, the most common long-term complication of cervical cerclage placement is fistula formation, particularly vesicovaginal fistulas.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/gmit.gmit_61_22","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,9]],"date-time":"2023-02-09T01:52:16Z","timestamp":1675907536000},"page":"4-9","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Complications Associated with Cervical Cerclage"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Sanah","family":"Alani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eva","family":"Suarthana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Togas","family":"Tulandi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-2-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)61682-2","article-title":"Global, regional, and national age-sex specific all-cause and cause-specific mortality for 240 causes of death, 1990-2013: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease study 2013","volume":"385","author":"Abubakar","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"R2-2-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1016\/S0368-2315(06)76418-3","article-title":"Transvaginal cervico-isthmic cerclage using polypropylene tape: Surgical procedure and pregnancy outcome: Fernandez's procedure","volume":"35","author":"Deffieux","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Gynecol Obstet Biol Reprod (Paris"},{"key":"R5-2-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-1000016","article-title":"Cervicovaginal fistula formation: A new complication of Shirodkar cerclage","volume":"1","author":"Berchuck","year":"1984","journal-title":"Am J Perinatol"},{"key":"R6-2-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.7581","article-title":"Cervicovaginal fistula presenting during miscarriage","volume":"36","author":"Grotegut","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet 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Pelvic Med Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"R10-2-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1086","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ju.0000047516.32699.aa","article-title":"Vesicovaginal fistula after cervical cerclage: Repair by transurethral suture cystorrhaphy","volume":"169","author":"McKay","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"R11-2-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1129","DOI":"10.1111\/jog.12671","article-title":"Ureterovaginal fistula after insertion of a McDonald suture: Case report and review of published reports","volume":"41","author":"Ng","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Obstet Gynaecol Res"},{"key":"R12-2-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-994757","article-title":"Emergency cervical cerclage: A retrospective review of 51 cases","volume":"10","author":"Wong","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am J Perinatol"},{"key":"R13-2-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmig.2014.05.015","article-title":"Pre and post-conceptional abdominal cerclage by laparoscopy or laparotomy","volume":"21","author":"Tulandi","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Minim Invasive Gynecol"},{"key":"R14-2-20240830","first-page":"172","article-title":"Bladder calculus presenting as recurrent urinary tract infections: A late complication of cervical cerclage placement: A case report","volume":"56","author":"Ruan","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Reprod Med"},{"key":"R15-2-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1083","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2021.03.017","article-title":"Complete Erosion of abdominal cerclage into the bladder","volume":"43","author":"Tulandi","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Obstet Gynaecol Can"},{"key":"R16-2-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e3182a7114a","article-title":"Vaginal erosion of an abdominal cerclage 7 years after laparoscopic placement","volume":"123","author":"Hawkins","year":"2014","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"}],"container-title":["Gynecology and Minimally Invasive Therapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/gmit.gmit_61_22","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T16:04:26Z","timestamp":1787760266000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/gmit.gmit_61_22"}},"subtitle":["A Systematic Review"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/gmit.gmit_61_22","relation":{},"ISSN":["2213-3070"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2213-3070","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]}}}