{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T19:18:28Z","timestamp":1787771908831,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title\/>\n                    <jats:p>A 56-year-old man presented with acute anterior ST elevation myocardial infarction. Initially he was thrombolysed at a peripheral hospital and a transthoracic echocardiography revealed multiple (2-3 mm) apical muscular ventricular septal defects suggesting ventricular septal rupture (VSR), with the largest measuring 10mm with left to right shunt and max gradient was 74 mmHg. His left ventricular ejection fraction was 45%.<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A coronary angiogram revealed tight proximal (95%) and mid segments (80%) stenosis in the left anterior descending artery (LAD) but diffusely diseased distally. Another significant stenosis (80%) was present at the ostium of the right posterior descending artery (r-PDA). He was in Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Intervention (SCAI) cardiogenic shock Stage B, hence cardiac surgeons advised conservative medical treatment in order to stabilize the infarct area with view of good surgical outcome. Although, there was a dilemma between the surgeon and the cardiologist regarding timing VSR closure, classification of shock stages helped to delay surgery. Eventually, he was taken for surgery at the 18\n                      <jats:sup>th<\/jats:sup>\n                      day of admission with a graft to r-PDA rather to LAD (due to difficult visualization) and repair of VSR with Gortex patch.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>In conclusion, in all patients with post MI VSR, SCAI shock stages classification has to be applied in determining the timing of surgery.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/heartviews.heartviews_138_20","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,10]],"date-time":"2024-02-10T07:31:30Z","timestamp":1707550290000},"page":"141-145","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Not all Postmyocardial Infarction Ventricular Septal Rupture Need Immediate Surgery"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Mohammed Azizul Hasan","family":"Khandaker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Prashanth","family":"Panduranga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R2-11-20240902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1095","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2010.06.013","article-title":"Trends in incidence and mortality rates of ventricular septal rupture during acute myocardial infarction","volume":"106","author":"Moreyra","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"R3-11-20240902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2012.04.020","article-title":"Surgical repair of ventricular septal defect after myocardial infarction: Outcomes from the Society of Thoracic Surgeons National Database","volume":"94","author":"Arnaoutakis","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"R4-11-20240902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"862","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2008.09.008","article-title":"Surgical repair of postinfarction ventricular septal rupture: Risk factors of early and late death","volume":"137","author":"Lundblad","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"R5-11-20240902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.101.1.27","article-title":"Risk factors, angiographic patterns, and outcomes in patients with ventricular septal defect complicating acute myocardial infarction. GUSTO-I (Global Utilization of Streptokinase and TPA for Occluded Coronary Arteries) Trial Investigators","volume":"101","author":"Crenshaw","year":"2000","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"R6-11-20240902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/1010-7940(91)90026-G","article-title":"Surgery of postinfarction ventricular septal defect: Risk factors for hospital death and long-term results","volume":"5","author":"Deville","year":"1991","journal-title":"Eur J Cardiothorac Surg"},{"key":"R7-11-20240902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"992","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2012.10.005","article-title":"2013 ACCF\/AHA key data elements and definitions for measuring the clinical management and outcomes of patients with acute coronary syndromes and coronary artery disease: A report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation\/American Heart Association Task Force on clinical data standards (writing committee to develop acute coronary syndromes and coronary artery disease clinical data standards)","volume":"61","author":"Cannon","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"R8-11-20240902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1016\/S1010-7940(00)00482-6","article-title":"Post infarction ventricular septal defect\u2014can we do better?","volume":"18","author":"Deja","year":"2000","journal-title":"Eur J Cardiothorac Surg"},{"key":"R9-11-20240902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1002\/ccd.28330","article-title":"SCAI\/ACVP expert consensus statement on cardiovascular catheterization laboratory economics: If the cath lab is your home you should understand its finances: This statement was endorsed by the Alliance of Cardiovascular Professionals (ACVP) in April 2019","volume":"94","author":"Blankenship","year":"2019","journal-title":"Catheter Cardiovasc Interv"},{"key":"R10-11-20240902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(10)63093-7","article-title":"Surgical management of postinfarction ventricular septal rupture","volume":"41","author":"Heitmiller","year":"1986","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"R11-11-20240902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-8703(95)90309-7","article-title":"Myocardial rupture after myocardial infarction is related to the perfusion status of the infarct-related coronary artery","volume":"129","author":"Cheriex","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"R12-11-20240902","first-page":"930","article-title":"Surgical repair of ruptured interventricular septum following acute myocardial infarction","volume":"41","author":"Cooley","year":"1957","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"R13-11-20240902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-197709000-00004","article-title":"Surgery for post-myocardial infarct ventricular septal defect","volume":"186","author":"Daggett","year":"1977","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"R14-11-20240902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/S1043-0679(98)70003-6","article-title":"Surgical repair of post infarction ventricular septal defect by infarct exclusion","volume":"10","author":"David","year":"1998","journal-title":"Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"}],"container-title":["Heart Views"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/HEARTVIEWS.HEARTVIEWS_138_20","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T18:19:55Z","timestamp":1787768395000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/HEARTVIEWS.HEARTVIEWS_138_20"}},"subtitle":["Role of Cardiogenic Shock Classification"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/heartviews.heartviews_138_20","relation":{},"ISSN":["1995-705X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1995-705X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]}}}