{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T12:19:43Z","timestamp":1791893983075,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cirrhosis can cause various cardiac complications and severely affect the prognosis of the patient suffering from cirrhosis. Anatomical, morphological variations in the heart of patients with liver cirrhosis in the absence of known cardiac disease has not been well described. There is a paucity of studies in the literature on cardiac alterations in cirrhosis. Early detection of known cardiac alterations can further help in improving the quality of life.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in the departments of pathology and forensic medicine of our institution. An autopsy-based prospective study of forty consecutive patients with final diagnosis of liver cirrhosis were included. Patients with a known history of cardiac disease\/anomaly were excluded from the study. Macroscopic and microscopic changes in the heart and coronaries were noted and statistically analyzed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Analysis of the hearts on gross examination showed cardiomegaly in 31 patients (77.5%). All cases had left ventricular hypertrophy. Endocardial thickening was seen in 22 patients (55%). Calcified mitral valve was seen in 9 patients (22.5%).<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>On microscopy, apart from hypertrophy, the pathological changes like interstitial oedema (47.5%), fibrosis (45%), cardiac muscle disarray (87.5%), fatty infiltrate (10%), pericarditis (5%), and severe coronary artery atherosclerosis (17.5%) were seen in the patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Knowledge about the involvement of the heart in liver cirrhosis is essential for both the physician and the surgeons to prevent adverse outcomes during liver transplantation and can further help in improving the quality of life of the patient.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/heartviews.heartviews_14_21","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,10]],"date-time":"2024-02-10T07:31:30Z","timestamp":1707550290000},"page":"96-101","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Morphological Cardiac Alterations in Liver Cirrhosis"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Banushree Chandrasekhar","family":"Srinivasamurthy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanjay P.","family":"Saravanan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fremingston K.","family":"Marak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Prakash","family":"Manivel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ramachandra V.","family":"Bhat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dharanya","family":"Mathiyazhagan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-3-20240902","first-page":"31","article-title":"Cardiovascular dysfunction in patients with liver cirrhosis","volume":"28","author":"Fede","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann Gastroenterol"},{"key":"R2-3-20240902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1097\/00007890-200203270-00012","article-title":"Perioperative considerations in patients with cirrhotic cardiomyopathy","volume":"73","author":"Johnston","year":"2002","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"R3-3-20240902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.03.026","article-title":"Cardiovascular risk assessment of the liver transplant candidate","volume":"58","author":"Raval","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"R4-3-20240902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.4254\/wjh.v7.i4.662","article-title":"Arrhythmia risk in liver cirrhosis","volume":"7","author":"Mozos","year":"2015","journal-title":"World J Hepatol"},{"key":"R6-3-20240902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1025","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI102813","article-title":"The cardiac output at rest in Laennec's cirrhosis","volume":"32","author":"Kowalski","year":"1953","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"R7-3-20240902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2017.10.016","article-title":"Liver disease and heart failure: Back and forth","volume":"48","author":"Correale","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur J Intern Med"},{"key":"R8-3-20240902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.4103\/1319-3767.65181","article-title":"Cardiovascular changes in cirrhosis: Pathogenesis and clinical implications","volume":"16","author":"Al-Hamoudi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Saudi J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"R9-3-20240902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-8703(60)90192-7","article-title":"The low incidence of myocardial infarction in patients with portal cirrhosis of the liver: A review of 639 cases of cirrhosis of the liver from 17,731 autopsies","volume":"60","author":"Howell","year":"1960","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"R10-3-20240902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2005.06.028","article-title":"Influence of chronic liver disease on coronary atherosclerosis vulnerability features","volume":"109","author":"Otsubo","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"R11-3-20240902","first-page":"567","article-title":"Atherosclerosis and cirrhosis of the liver","volume":"53","author":"Van\u0115cek","year":"1976","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"R12-3-20240902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.2459\/JCM.0b013e3283483916","article-title":"Coronary multidetector computed tomographic angiography to evaluate coronary artery disease in liver transplant candidates: Methods, feasibility and initial experience","volume":"12","author":"Keeling","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown"},{"key":"R13-3-20240902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1725","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.21540","article-title":"Prevalence of coronary artery calcification in patients undergoing assessment for orthotopic liver transplantation","volume":"14","author":"McAvoy","year":"2008","journal-title":"Liver Transpl"},{"key":"R14-3-20240902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/S1665-2681(19)31544-3","article-title":"Anatomical cardiac alterations in liver cirrhosis: An autopsy study","volume":"10","author":"Ortiz-Olvera","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann of Hepatol"},{"key":"R15-3-20240902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1007\/s12072-008-9109-7","article-title":"Cirrhotic cardiomyopathy","volume":"3","author":"Wong","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hepatol Int"},{"key":"R16-3-20240902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.31.5.395","article-title":"The morphology of cirrhosis. Recommendations on definition, nomenclature, and classification by a working group sponsored by the World Health Organization","volume":"31","author":"Anthony","year":"1978","journal-title":"J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"R17-3-20240902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"844","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cardfail.2011.05.008","article-title":"Alcoholic cardiomyopathy: A review","volume":"17","author":"George","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Card Fail"},{"key":"R18-3-20240902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-31-3-479","article-title":"The incidence of hypertension in portal cirrhosis; a study of 80 necropsied cases of portal cirrhosis","volume":"31","author":"Spatt","year":"1949","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"R19-3-20240902","first-page":"993","article-title":"Portal cirrhosis: Clinical and pathological review of 782 cases from 16,600 necropsies","volume":"29","author":"Hall","year":"1953","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"R20-3-20240902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1097\/00000441-195523060-00004","article-title":"The relationship of cirrhosis of the liver to hypertension: A study of 504 cases of cirrhosis of the liver","volume":"230","author":"Loyke","year":"1955","journal-title":"Am J Med Sci"},{"key":"R21-3-20240902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2004.09.008","article-title":"Cardiac alterations in cirrhosis: Reversibility after liver transplantation","volume":"42","author":"Torregrosa","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"R22-3-20240902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(75)92896-2","article-title":"Impaired cardiovascular responsiveness in liver disease","volume":"2","author":"Lunzer","year":"1975","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"R23-3-20240902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.4103\/0022-3859.143958","article-title":"Cardiac pathology in chronic alcoholics: A preliminary study","volume":"60","author":"Vaideeswar","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Postgrad Med"},{"key":"R24-3-20240902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2013.03.049","article-title":"Binge drinking impairs vascular function in young adults","volume":"62","author":"Goslawski","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"R25-3-20240902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2011.08.034","article-title":"Differential effects of daily-moderate versus weekend-binge alcohol consumption on atherosclerotic plaque development in mice","volume":"219","author":"Liu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"R26-3-20240902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwi062","article-title":"Alcohol consumption, binge drinking, and early coronary calcification: Findings from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Study","volume":"161","author":"Pletcher","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"R27-3-20240902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2012.11.002","article-title":"Echocardiography in liver transplant candidates","volume":"6","author":"Garg","year":"2013","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"R28-3-20240902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H1658","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00214.2016","article-title":"Chronic plus binge ethanol feeding induces myocardial oxidative stress, mitochondrial and cardiovascular dysfunction, and steatosis","volume":"310","author":"Matyas","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol"},{"key":"R29-3-20240902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1900\/RDS.2011.8.403","article-title":"Fatty heart, cardiac damage, and inflammation","volume":"8","author":"Guzzardi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Rev Diabet Stud"},{"key":"R30-3-20240902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1186\/s12944-017-0475-9","article-title":"Fat deposition in the left ventricle: descriptive and observacional study in autopsy","volume":"16","author":"da Silva","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lipids Health Dis"},{"key":"R31-3-20240902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.4254\/wjh.v6.i1.41","article-title":"Hepato-cardiac disorders","volume":"6","author":"Fouad","year":"2014","journal-title":"World J Hepatol"}],"container-title":["Heart Views"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/HEARTVIEWS.HEARTVIEWS_14_21","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T19:38:13Z","timestamp":1787773093000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/HEARTVIEWS.HEARTVIEWS_14_21"}},"subtitle":["An Autopsy Study"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/heartviews.heartviews_14_21","relation":{},"ISSN":["1995-705X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1995-705X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]}}}