{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T19:18:01Z","timestamp":1787771881345,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title\/>\n                    <jats:p>Congenital cardiac surgery is one of the most challenging and fascinating branches of modern medicine which continues to advance in areas and improving outcomes, post-operative and pre-operative care.<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Patent Ductus Arteriosus was the first congenital heart lesion to be successfully corrected surgically. The landmark surgery was performed by Dr. Robert E. Gross in 1938 and opened up the possibility of subsequent surgical correction of various other lesions, which were considered to be untreatable previously. The first successful surgical closure of persistent ductus arteriosus (PDA) was preceded by years of work and contributed by various surgeons, physicians, and anatomists, dating all the way back to the 1\n                      <jats:sup>st<\/jats:sup>\n                      century. They are all worthy of recognition and praise.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>This article covers the important events related to PDA lesions including its first identification, followed by its description in various texts and sources over the course of time, failed attempts at surgical correction, and disputes regarding credits. These contributions to the branch cannot be overstated and serves as an inspiration to cardiac surgeons all over the world and to students, interns, and newly graduated doctors as well, who would one day like to be part of this fascinating branch.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/heartviews.heartviews_8_21","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,10]],"date-time":"2024-02-10T07:31:30Z","timestamp":1707550290000},"page":"160-164","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Evolution of Surgical Repair of Patent Ductus Arteriosus - A Historical Timeline"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Mohsin Yahya","family":"Murshid","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed Abdelrahman","family":"Elassal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R2-16-20240902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1873","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.592063","article-title":"Patent ductus arteriosus","volume":"114","author":"Schneider","year":"2006","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"R4-16-20240902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1159\/000308367","article-title":"History of the ductus arteriosus: 1. Anatomy and spontaneous closure","volume":"99","author":"Obladen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neonatology"},{"key":"R5-16-20240902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2010.04.036","article-title":"The first closure of the persistent ductus arteriosus","volume":"90","author":"Alexi-Meskishvili","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"R6-16-20240902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(10)66293-5","article-title":"Patent ductus arteriosus: Some historical highlights","volume":"4","author":"Boyer","year":"1967","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"R7-16-20240902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1028","DOI":"10.1111\/joa.13357","article-title":"The three fetal shunts: A story of wrong eponyms","volume":"238","author":"Zampieri","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Anat"},{"key":"R8-16-20240902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1017\/S1047951103001161","article-title":"The murmur of the persistently patent arterial duct, or \u201cThe Colonel is going to a dance\u201d","volume":"13","author":"Tynan","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cardiol Young"},{"key":"R9-16-20240902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-190709000-00003","article-title":"Ligation of the ductus arteriosus","volume":"46","author":"Munro","year":"1907","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"R10-16-20240902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.40.210.123","article-title":"The development of heart surgery in children","volume":"40","author":"Brock","year":"1965","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"R11-16-20240902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.5935\/1678-9741.20120019","article-title":"History of heart surgery in the world.1996","volume":"27","author":"Braile","year":"2012","journal-title":"Rev Bras Cir Cardiovasc"},{"key":"R13-16-20240902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-8703(38)90564-2","article-title":"An attempt to obliterate the patent ductus arteriosus in a patient with subacute bacterial endarteritis","volume":"15","author":"Graybiel","year":"1938","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"R14-16-20240902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1201","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1984.03340330059026","article-title":"Landmark article Feb 25, 1939: Surgical ligation of a patent ductus arteriosus. Report of first successful case","volume":"251","author":"Gross","year":"1984","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"R15-16-20240902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1191\/0267659103pf653oa","article-title":"Cardiac surgery in the age of the dinosaurs","volume":"18","author":"Robert","year":"2003","journal-title":"Perfusion"},{"key":"R16-16-20240902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-193909000-00001","article-title":"Surgical management of the patent ductus arteriosus: With summary of four surgically treated cases","volume":"110","author":"Gross","year":"1939","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"R17-16-20240902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"786","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(39)80079-8","article-title":"The diagnosis and the effects of ligation of the patent ductus arteriosus: A report of eleven cases","volume":"15","author":"Bullock","year":"1939","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"R18-16-20240902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1007\/s00392-002-1413-y","article-title":"History of cardiac surgery in Germany \u2013 In consideration of her relation to the German Cardiac Society","volume":"91","author":"Bircks","year":"2002","journal-title":"Z Kardiol"},{"key":"R19-16-20240902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2004.07.082","article-title":"Surgical treatment of patent ductus arteriosus: A new historical perspective","volume":"94","author":"Kaemmerer","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"R21-16-20240902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.18003212502","article-title":"The effect of ligation on infection of the patent ductus arteriosus","volume":"32","author":"Tubbs","year":"1944","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"R22-16-20240902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1270","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1940.72810410001012","article-title":"Subacute Streptococcus viridans endarteritis complicating patent ductus arteriosus: Recovery following surgical treatment","volume":"115","author":"Touroff","year":"1940","journal-title":"J Am Med Assoc"},{"key":"R23-16-20240902","first-page":"97","article-title":"The diagnosis and treatment of patent ductus arteriosus (Botalli), in connection with 20 operated cases","volume":"91","author":"Crafoord","year":"1944","journal-title":"Acta Chir Scand"},{"key":"R24-16-20240902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/S0033-8389(22)01768-7","article-title":"Catheter closure of patent ductus arteriosus.62 cases treated without thoracotomy","volume":"9","author":"Porstmann","year":"1971","journal-title":"Radiol Clin North Am"},{"key":"R25-16-20240902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197609022951004","article-title":"Closure of the ductus arteriosus in premature infants by inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis","volume":"295","author":"Heymann","year":"1976","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R26-16-20240902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02307335","article-title":"Transcatheter closure of patent ductus arteriosus","volume":"1","author":"Rashkind","year":"1979","journal-title":"Pediatr Cardiol"},{"key":"R27-16-20240902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1052","DOI":"10.1016\/S1010-7940(97)00093-6","article-title":"Video-thoracoscopic surgical interruption of patent ductus arteriosus. Routine experience in 332 pediatric cases","volume":"11","author":"Laborde","year":"1997","journal-title":"Eur J Cardiothorac Surg"},{"key":"R28-16-20240902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(92)90514-Y","article-title":"Percutaneous closure of the small (less than 2.5 mm) patent ductus arteriosus using coil embolization","volume":"69","author":"Cambier","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"R29-16-20240902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.2350\/10-10-0924-OA.1","article-title":"The Farber-Landing lecture: pediatric pathology \u2013 The clinician's \u201copen sesame\u201d and its importance in pediatric cardiology and cardiovascular surgery","volume":"15","author":"Van Praagh","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pediatr Dev Pathol"}],"container-title":["Heart Views"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/HEARTVIEWS.HEARTVIEWS_8_21","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T18:19:22Z","timestamp":1787768362000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/HEARTVIEWS.HEARTVIEWS_8_21"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/heartviews.heartviews_8_21","relation":{},"ISSN":["1995-705X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1995-705X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]}}}