{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T20:39:20Z","timestamp":1786653560716,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,26]],"date-time":"2024-12-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735171200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The widespread occurrence of chronic and recurrent dermatophytosis has significantly affected the quality of life for patients in India and beyond. Identifying the causative dermatophytes and understanding their antifungal susceptibility can aid clinicians in tailoring effective antifungal therapies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients with chronic and recurrent dermatophytosis were enrolled, and conventional fungal cultures were conducted on skin scrapings. Identified isolates underwent antifungal susceptibility testing using the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute broth microdilution method (CLSI M38-A2) for common systemic antifungals, determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) range and calculating MIC 50 and MIC 90.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Sixty samples were tested. Tinea corporis was the most common presentation (66.6%).\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Trichophyton mentagrophyte<\/jats:italic>\n                      species complex was the prevalent species (45, 75%), followed by\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Trichophyton rubrum<\/jats:italic>\n                      (7, 11.7%). In\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Trichophyton mentagrophytes<\/jats:italic>\n                      species complex, MIC range was 8-64 \u03bcg\/mL for fluconazole, 0.06-0.25 \u03bcg\/mL for terbinafine, and 0.125-0.5 \u03bcg\/mL for griseofulvin. For\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Trichophyton rubrum<\/jats:italic>\n                      , the MIC range was 8-64 \u03bcg\/mL for fluconazole, 0.06-0.25 \u03bcg\/mL for terbinafine, and 0.125-0.5 \u03bcg\/mL for griseofulvin. For all species, itraconazole MIC was \u22640.125 \u03bcg\/mL. Hence, itraconazole and terbinafine had the best MIC range against tested isolates in our study.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Limitations:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Absence of genotyping of isolate and not compared the results with studies where sequence-based identification to species level was done.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">In vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      , resistance to itraconazole for any of the four isolated agents was not seen. Terbinafine resistance appears to be an uncommon occurrence in South India.\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">In vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      susceptibility tests shall be regularly done to design the epidemiological cutoff values.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/idoj.idoj_192_24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,26]],"date-time":"2024-12-26T14:01:23Z","timestamp":1735221683000},"page":"110-115","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Antifungal Susceptibility of Dermatophyte Isolates from Patients with Chronic and Recurrent Dermatophytosis"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Nikhitha","family":"Amin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Yenepoya Medical College and Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manjunath M.","family":"Shenoy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Yenepoya Medical College Hospital, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Deralakatte, Mangaluru, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vidya","family":"Pai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Yenepoya Medical College, (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20241226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.4103\/idoj.idoj_643_22","article-title":"Management of dermatophytosis:Real-world Indian perspective","volume":"14","author":"Shenoy","year":"2023","journal-title":"Indian Dermatol Online J"},{"key":"R2-20241226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1111\/myc.13360","article-title":"A multicentric clinical and epidemiological study of chronic and recurrent dermatophytosis in India","volume":"65","author":"Shenoy","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mycoses"},{"key":"R3-20241226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.4103\/idoj.IDOJ_233_20","article-title":"Indian association of dermatologists, venereologists and leprologists (IADVL) task force against recalcitrant tinea (ITART) consensus on the management of glabrous tinea (INTACT)","volume":"11","author":"Rengasamy","year":"2020","journal-title":"Indian Dermatol Online J"},{"key":"R4-20241226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103255","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fgb.2019.103255","article-title":"Antifungal resistance in dermatophytes:Recent trends and therapeutic implications","volume":"132","author":"Khurana","year":"2019","journal-title":"Fungal Genet Biol"},{"key":"R5-20241226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1080\/23144599.2020.1850204","article-title":"Recent trends in rapid diagnostic techniques for dermatophytosis","volume":"8","author":"Aboul-Ella","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Vet Sci Med"},{"key":"R6-20241226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1007\/s11046-016-0038-z","article-title":"Diagnosis of dermatophytosis using molecular biology","volume":"182","author":"Verrier","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mycopathologia"},{"key":"R7-20241226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00069","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00069-19","article-title":"Antifungal susceptibility testing:Current approaches","volume":"33","author":"Berkow","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"R8-20241226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.4103\/idoj.IDOJ_146_19","article-title":"Antifungal drug susceptibility testing of dermatophytes:Laboratory findings to clinical implications","volume":"10","author":"Dogra","year":"2019","journal-title":"Indian Dermatol Online J"},{"key":"R9-20241226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643509","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2021.643509","article-title":"Molecular epidemiology, genetic diversity, and antifungal susceptibility of major pathogenic dermatophytes isolated from human dermatophytosis","volume":"12","author":"Salehi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"R10-20241226","article-title":"Reference Method for Broth Dilution Antifungal Susceptibility Testing of Filamentous Fungi","year":"2017","journal-title":"M38. 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