{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T20:39:09Z","timestamp":1786653549989,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":8,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777507200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Filarial nematode infection presenting as subcutaneous swellings is uncommon and often mimics other benign subcutaneous swellings. While individual cases are documented, few case series explore this specific presentation. This study aims to examine patients with histopathologically or radiologically confirmed filarial nematode infection manifesting as subcutaneous swellings of various parts of the body. A retrospective analysis was conducted at a teaching hospital in Kerala from January 2015 to December 2020, reviewing all excised subcutaneous swellings confirmed as nematode infection. Since filarial nematode infestation presenting as a subcutaneous swelling is an uncommon presentation, a high index of suspicion is required for the diagnosis and should be one of the differential diagnosis of benign subcutaneous swelling, especially in endemic areas.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4103\/idoj.idoj_325_25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T11:00:49Z","timestamp":1777546849000},"page":"553-556","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Filarial Nematode Infestation Presenting as Subcutaneous Swellings in a Teaching Hospital in Kerala"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9827-3645","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abhijith","family":"Valsalan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery, Jubilee Mission Medical College and Research Institute, Thrissur, Kerala, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9756-2605","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alfie J","family":"Kavalakat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery, Jubilee Mission Medical College and Research Institute, Thrissur, Kerala, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4125-3234","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lincy","family":"Joseph","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Jubilee Mission Medical College and Research Institute, Thrissur, Kerala, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-9065-4262","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"V. R. Gowri","family":"Gopal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pain and Palliative Medicine, Institute of Palliative Medicine, Kozhikode, Kerala, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"R2-20260629","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.4103\/tp.TP_60_17","article-title":"Subcutaneous filariasis: An unusual presentation with an adult gravid worm on aspiration","volume":"8","author":"Sethi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Trop Parasitol"},{"key":"R4-20260629","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.4103\/idoj.idoj_152_23","article-title":"Extralymphatic filariasis","volume":"15","author":"Srinivasan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Indian Dermatol Online J"},{"key":"R5-20260629","first-page":"1069","article-title":"Case series on rare, atypical presentation of filariasis in a tertiary care centre in India in which conventional diagnostic method failed to identify the pathogen","volume":"2","author":"Afthab","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ann Surg Case Rep Images"},{"key":"R6-20260629","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1002\/dc.21314","article-title":"Role of fine needle aspiration cytology in diagnosis of filarial infestation","volume":"39","author":"Kumar","year":"2011","journal-title":"Diagn Cytopathol"},{"key":"R7-20260629","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e126","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr\/84379927","article-title":"Facial wrigglies: Live extralymphatic filarial infestation in subcutaneous tissues of the head and neck","volume":"84","author":"Vaid","year":"2011","journal-title":"Br J Radiol"},{"key":"R9-20260629","first-page":"FD03","article-title":"Incidental detection microfilaria in subcutaneous breast nodule of lactating female FNAC: A rare case report","volume":"8","author":"Singh","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Clin Diagn Res"},{"key":"R10-20260629","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1309\/LM8JJ0PBB7RIWNLB","article-title":"Filariasis of the breast mimicking inflammatory carcinoma","volume":"40","author":"Kaur","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lab Med"},{"key":"R11-20260629","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00453","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idcr.2018.e00453","article-title":"Breast filariasis","volume":"14","author":"Barwad","year":"2018","journal-title":"IDCases"}],"container-title":["Indian Dermatology Online Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/idoj.idoj_325_25","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T19:39:14Z","timestamp":1786649954000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/idoj.idoj_325_25"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]]},"references-count":8,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/idoj.idoj_325_25","relation":{},"ISSN":["2229-5178","2249-5673"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2229-5178","type":"print"},{"value":"2249-5673","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-03-22","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-12-24","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}