{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T14:25:48Z","timestamp":1787840748820,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,12]],"date-time":"2025-06-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1749686400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Vitiligo is an autoimmune pigmentary disorder where it is important to assess the disease status (active\/stable) to guide therapeutic decisions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim and Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We aimed to compare expression of Melan A and S100 in active and stable vitiligo lesions and correlate them with CD4 and CD8 T cells.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Patients and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Skin biopsies from 45 clinically diagnosed vitiligo patients (25 active and 20 stable) were taken for histopathological analysis. Immunohistochemistry expression for Langerhans cells (S-100), melanocytes (Melan A), and CD4 and CD8 T cells was compared between active and stable vitiligo. Results: Basal cell layer vacuolization and dermal melanophages were more common in active vitiligo (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.003). S100 and CD8 expression were increased in active cases, while CD4 and CD4\/CD8 ratio were more in stable cases. A moderate positive correlation between Melan A with CD8 (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.019) and S100 with CD4 (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.013) in active vitiligo was noted.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Limitations:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The limitations of the study include small sample size and lack of control group. There could also be a chance of recall bias in the history given by patient regarding the duration of activity which may have resulted in the misclassification of active versus stable vitiligo.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We found increased disease activity in the center and margins of active lesions of vitiligo, which can be discerned by decreased expression of Melan A and CD4 as well as an increased expression of S100 and CD8 with concomitant increased basal cell layer vacuolization and dermal melanophages.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/idoj.idoj_729_24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,12]],"date-time":"2025-06-12T09:00:37Z","timestamp":1749718837000},"page":"576-580","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A Study to Delineate the Immunohistological Parameters of Active Versus Stable Vitiligo Using S100, Melan A in Conjunction with CD4 and CD8 Immunohistochemistry Markers"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Sai","family":"Jyoti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Atal Bihari Vajpayee Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Institute and Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minakshi","family":"Bhardwaj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Atal Bihari Vajpayee Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Institute and Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Savitha","family":"Sharath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, Atal Bihari Vajpayee Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Institute and Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1757-3406","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kabir","family":"Sardana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, Atal Bihari Vajpayee Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Institute and Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pooja","family":"Arora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, Atal Bihari Vajpayee Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Institute and Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20250703","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15011","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2015.11","article-title":"Vitiligo","volume":"1","author":"Picardo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"key":"R2-20250703","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coi.2013.10.010","article-title":"Innate immune mechanisms in vitiligo:Danger from within","volume":"25","author":"Richmond","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr Opin Immunol"},{"key":"R3-20250703","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2017.07.011","article-title":"Vitiligo:Mechanistic insights lead to novel treatments","volume":"140","author":"Frisoli","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"R4-20250703","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-4362.2003.01743.x","article-title":"Value of histopathology in vitiligo","volume":"42","author":"Montes","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"key":"R5-20250703","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1346-8138.1990.tb01643.x","article-title":"Depletion and repopulation of Langerhans cells in nonsegmental type vitiligo","volume":"17","author":"Kao","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Dermatol"},{"key":"R6-20250703","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-148X.2012.00997.x","article-title":"Vitiligo global issue consensus conference panelists. 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