{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T14:21:02Z","timestamp":1787840462815,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,17]],"date-time":"2025-06-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750118400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Rituximab-mediated B-cell depletion in pemphigus patients is majorly caused by antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. This is mediated by Fc\u03b3 receptors on immune cells, particularly Fc\u03b3RIIIa (CD16) on natural killer (NK) cells. This study investigates the impact of Fc\u03b3RIII expression on response to rituximab in pemphigus patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Patients and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A cross-sectional study was carried out on 85 pemphigus patients who had been treated with rituximab using a rheumatoid arthritis protocol. Patients who achieved complete remission within 4.5 months were arbitrarily defined as responders. CD16 expression on NK cells, NK-T cells, and monocytes, as well as Fc\u03b3RIIIa-158V\/F polymorphism, were assessed using flow cytometry and genetic assays, respectively.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      CD16 expression on NK cells and NK-T cells was higher in responders than in resistant patients but did not reach statistical significance. A significant negative correlation was observed between NK-T cell percentage and time to remission (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001), suggesting NK-T cell percentage as a possible marker for prediction of time to remission. Distribution of Fc\u03b3RIIIa genotypes (V\/V, V\/F, F\/F) did not significantly differ between responders and resistant patients (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.574). A statistically non-significant trend suggested that FF homozygotes may have a slightly worse survival outcome in achieving remission compared to FV\/VV genotypes, with a hazard ratio of 1.255 (95% CI: 0.6112\u20132.577).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Limitations:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Small, single-center sample, potential selection bias, and lack of long-term follow-up or functional assays.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study underscores the potential influence of CD16 expression and Fc\u03b3RIIIa polymorphism in response to rituximab in pemphigus patients, emphasizing the need for further research to establish definitive relationships for personalized treatment strategies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/idoj.idoj_891_24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T01:04:10Z","timestamp":1750208650000},"page":"557-563","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Influence of CD16 (Fc\u03b3RIII) Expression on Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells on Response to Treatment with Rituximab in Pemphigus: A Cross-Sectional Study"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Ankur","family":"Sharma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1016-5920","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anshika","family":"Chauhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7481-2330","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hitaishi","family":"Mehta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1486-7161","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sanjeev","family":"Handa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6289-4749","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Naresh","family":"Sachdeva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4320-3193","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rahul","family":"Mahajan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0850-3118","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arnab","family":"Pal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8682-2598","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dipankar","family":"De","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20250703","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1170","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.15930","article-title":"British Association of Dermatologists'guidelines for the management of pemphigus vulgaris 2017","volume":"177","author":"Harman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"R2-20250703","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1900","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.16752","article-title":"Updated S2K guidelines on the management of pemphigus vulgaris and foliaceus initiated by the european academy of dermatology and venereology (EADV)","volume":"34","author":"Joly","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"R3-20250703","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beha.2011.02.009","article-title":"Rituximab resistance","volume":"24","author":"Rezvani","year":"2011","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Haematol"},{"key":"R4-20250703","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s40425-014-0029-x","article-title":"The role of Fc gamma receptors in the activity of immunomodulatory antibodies for cancer","volume":"2","author":"Stewart","year":"2014","journal-title":"J ImmunoTher Cancer"},{"key":"R5-20250703","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humimm.2015.11.001","article-title":"The influence of NK cell-mediated ADCC:Structure and expression of the CD16 molecule differ among Fc\u03b3RIIIa-V158F genotypes in healthy Japanese subjects","volume":"77","author":"Oboshi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hum Immunol"},{"key":"R6-20250703","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1404","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2019.3236","article-title":"Factors associated with complete remission after rituximab therapy for pemphigus","volume":"155","author":"Kushner","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Dermatol"},{"key":"R7-20250703","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa067752","article-title":"Asingle cycle of rituximab for the treatment of severe pemphigus","volume":"357","author":"Joly","year":"2007","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R8-20250703","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.4103\/ijdvl.IJDVL_848_17","article-title":"Effectiveness and safety analysis of rituximab in 146 Indian pemphigus patients:A retrospective single-center review of up to 68 months follow-up","volume":"86","author":"De","year":"2020","journal-title":"Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol"},{"key":"R9-20250703","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-1759(00)00240-4","article-title":"Anovel PCR-based method for direct Fc gamma receptor IIIa (CD16) allotyping","volume":"242","author":"Leppers-Van de Straat","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Immunol Methods"},{"key":"R10-20250703","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.4103\/idoj.idoj_1059_24","article-title":"Consensus based Indian guidelines for the management of pemphigus vulgaris and pemphigus foliaceous","volume":"16","author":"De","year":"2024","journal-title":"Indian Dermatol Online J"},{"key":"R11-20250703","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2031","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)30070-3","article-title":"First-line rituximab combined with short-term prednisone versus prednisone alone for the treatment of pemphigus (Ritu\u00d73):a prospective, multicentre, parallel-group, open-label randomised trial","volume":"389","author":"Joly","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"R12-20250703","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2820","DOI":"10.1080\/21645515.2018.1508624","article-title":"Anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies:reviewing a revolution","volume":"14","author":"Casan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hum Vaccin Immunother"},{"key":"R13-20250703","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e14498","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0014498","article-title":"Dynamics of macrophage trogocytosis of rituximab-coated B cells","volume":"6","author":"Pham","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"R14-20250703","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3940","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2003.05.013","article-title":"Two immunoglobulin G fragment C receptor polymorphisms independently predict response to rituximab in patients with follicular lymphoma","volume":"21","author":"Weng","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"R15-20250703","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jim.2019.03.001","article-title":"Anovel method for determining antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis","volume":"468","author":"Kamen","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Immunol Methods"},{"key":"R16-20250703","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5008","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-15-1330","article-title":"Antibody-dependent phagocytosis of tumor cells by macrophages:A potent effector mechanism of monoclonal antibody therapy of cancer","volume":"75","author":"G\u00fcl","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"R17-20250703","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4005","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0508123103","article-title":"Engineered antibody Fc variants with enhanced effector function","volume":"103","author":"Lazar","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"R18-20250703","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2561","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2007-01-070656","article-title":"Increased natural killer cell expression of CD16, augmented binding and ADCC activity to rituximab among individuals expressing the Fc\u03b3{gamma}RIIIa-158 V\/V and V\/F polymorphism","volume":"110","author":"Hatjiharissi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"R19-20250703","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2005.06.059","article-title":"Polymorphisms in FcgammaRIIIA (CD16) receptor expression are associated with clinical response to rituximab in Waldenstr\u00f6m's macroglobulinemia","volume":"23","author":"Treon","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"R20-20250703","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4657","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2011-04-346411","article-title":"The impact of Fc-\u03b3 receptor polymorphisms in elderly patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma treated with CHOP with or without rituximab","volume":"118","author":"Ahlgrimm","year":"2011","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"R21-20250703","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2011-200337","article-title":"Fc\u03b3 receptor type IIIA polymorphism influences treatment outcomes in patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with rituximab","volume":"71","author":"Ruyssen-Witrand","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"R22-20250703","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1472","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2003-07-2548","article-title":"Fc gamma RIIIa and Fc gamma RIIa polymorphisms do not predict response to rituximab in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia","volume":"103","author":"Farag","year":"2004","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"R23-20250703","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"976","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-07-6523","article-title":"Fc gamma RIIIa expression is not increased on natural killer cells expressing the Fc gamma RIIIa-158V allotype","volume":"68","author":"Congy-Jolivet","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cancer Res"}],"container-title":["Indian Dermatology Online Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/idoj.idoj_891_24","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T13:23:18Z","timestamp":1787836998000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/idoj.idoj_891_24"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,17]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/idoj.idoj_891_24","relation":{},"ISSN":["2229-5178","2249-5673"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2229-5178","type":"print"},{"value":"2249-5673","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-09-07","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-01-30","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}