{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T20:44:00Z","timestamp":1786653840597,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Aim:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There is no consensus on the appropriate use of mixtures of local anaesthetic drugs in various combinations for nerve blocks. We intended to compare short-acting lignocaine and long-acting ropivacaine as a mixture versus undiluted sequential injections on block characteristics of ultrasound-guided (USG) supraclavicular brachial plexus block for upper limb surgeries.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A double-blinded randomised study was conducted on 64 adult patients scheduled for upper limb surgery who received 15 mL each of 2% lignocaine with adrenaline and 0.75% ropivacaine as a 1:1 mixture in the mixed group (Group M) or sequential injections in the sequential group (Group S) by using a USG technique. The primary outcome was the percentage of participants with complete four nerve sensory blocks at 10 minutes post block injection. Secondary outcomes were sensory and motor block characteristics till 30 minutes, total duration of analgesia, sensory and motor block, and complications.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Demographic characteristics and time taken for the procedure were similar. The percentage of participants with a complete four-nerve sensory block at 10 minutes was higher in Group S (69%) versus Group M (41%) (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.04). Complete sensory and motor block rates were similar at 30 minutes. The block procedure time, total duration of analgesia, and sensory and motor block were similar in both groups. There were no major complications.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sequential lignocaine-ropivacaine, compared to the mixed injection technique, has a higher initial rate of sensory and motor block onset with a similar total block duration.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ija.ija_1122_23","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,7]],"date-time":"2024-05-07T07:00:48Z","timestamp":1715065248000},"page":"540-546","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["A randomised trial comparing block characteristics of a mixture versus sequential injections of lignocaine and ropivacaine for supraclavicular brachial plexus nerve block in patients undergoing upper limb surgery"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"68","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1913-2586","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mridul","family":"Dhar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9931-2316","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Praveen","family":"Talawar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1064-0947","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sameer","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0346-1374","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Debendra K.","family":"Tripathy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2007-7027","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vaishali","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5073-5289","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pragya","family":"Varshney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20260504","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e04718","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2020.e04718","article-title":"Onset times and duration of analgesic effect of various concentrations of local anesthetic solutions in standardised volume used for brachial plexus blocks","volume":"6","author":"Almasi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"R2-20260504","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aja.2017.11.002","article-title":"A comparison of the dose of anesthetic agents and the effective interval from the block procedure to skin incision for ultrasound-guided supraclavicular brachial plexus block in upper extremity surgery","volume":"55","author":"Nakayama","year":"2017","journal-title":"Asian J 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supraclavicular nerve blocks","volume":"36","author":"Roberman","year":"2011","journal-title":"Reg Anaesth Pain Med"},{"key":"R8-20260504","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0b013e318265ba9a","article-title":"The sequence of administration of 1.5% mepivacaine and 0.5% bupivacaine does not affect the latency of block onset or duration of analgesia in ultrasound-guided interscalene block","volume":"115","author":"Gadsden","year":"2012","journal-title":"Anaesth Analg"},{"key":"R9-20260504","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.4097\/kjae.2013.64.6.494","article-title":"Comparison of ultrasound-guided supraclavicular block according to the various volumes of local anaesthetic","volume":"64","author":"Jeon","year":"2013","journal-title":"Korean J Anaesthesiol"},{"key":"R10-20260504","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1097\/AAP.0b013e31819a9542","article-title":"Minimum effective volume of local anaesthetic for ultrasound-guided supraclavicular brachial plexus block","volume":"34","author":"Duggan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Reg Anaesth Pain Med"},{"key":"R11-20260504","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1120","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000000155","article-title":"Ultrasound-guided supraclavicular brachial plexus block: Single versus triple injection technique for upper limb arteriovenous access surgery","volume":"118","author":"Arab","year":"2014","journal-title":"Anaesth Analg"},{"key":"R12-20260504","article-title":"Equal mixture of 2% lidocaine with adrenaline and 0.5% bupivacaine 20 mL provided faster onset of complete conduction blockade during ultrasound-guided supraclavicular brachial plexus block than 20 mL of 0.5% bupivacaine alone: A randomised double-blinded clinical trial","author":"R","year":"2023","journal-title":"Reg Anesth Pain Med"},{"key":"R13-20260504","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1213\/ane.0b013e31819237f8","article-title":"A comparison of the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of bupivacaine, ropivacaine (with epinephrine) and their equal volume mixtures with lidocaine used for femoral and sciatic nerve blocks: A double-blind randomised study","volume":"108","author":"Cuvillon","year":"2009","journal-title":"Anaesth Analg"},{"key":"R14-20260504","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110313","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2021.110313","article-title":"Effect of combined versus sequential injection of 2% lidocaine and 0.5% bupivacaine on the onset and duration of supraclavicular brachial plexus block: A double blinded randomised controlled trial","volume":"72","author":"Gunjiyal","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Anesth"}],"container-title":["Indian Journal of Anaesthesia"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/ija.ija_1122_23","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T19:43:11Z","timestamp":1786650191000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/ija.ija_1122_23"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,8]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/ija.ija_1122_23","relation":{},"ISSN":["0019-5049","0976-2817"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0019-5049","type":"print"},{"value":"0976-2817","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-11-20","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-01-19","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}