{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T16:03:40Z","timestamp":1789747420721,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"Suppl 3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>There is currently a lack of published guidance on competency-based curriculum design specifically tailored to Anaesthesia and Critical Care Technicians (ACTs) training in India, creating a need for a structured and standardised educational framework. This review was undertaken to address the need for a competency-based educational framework for ACTs in India, aligning existing training programmes with contemporary national educational reforms and international standards while enhancing clinical competence, patient safety, and workforce readiness. In this article, we propose integrating key components, such as competency domains, entrustable professional activities, workplace-based assessments, and simulation-based training, into the existing educational framework without altering the mandated hours or examination weights. We outline ten teaching\u2013learning modules, ensuring a balance across foundational sciences, applied anaesthesia, critical care, ethics, and simulation. This strategic restructuring of Diploma in Anaesthesia and Critical Care Technician training programmes has the potential to significantly improve clinical skills and enhance patient safety protocols. The literature search for this article was conducted in PubMed\/MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, and CINAHL using terms related to competency-based education, allied health training, anaesthesia, and critical care.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4103\/ija.ija_1151_25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T15:11:09Z","timestamp":1789744269000},"page":"S194-S202","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Teaching and training of anaesthesia and critical care technicians in India \u2013 Towards a competency-based modular framework"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"70","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6825-8644","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aparna","family":"Shukla","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, King George\u2019s Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1670-1015","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manoj K.","family":"Chaurasiya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, King George\u2019s Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6449-5263","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shefali","family":"Gautam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology, King George\u2019s Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7752-2198","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Premraj","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology, King George\u2019s Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-0737-8774","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Neel K.","family":"Mishra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology, King George\u2019s Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5702-0948","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Monica","family":"Kohli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, King George\u2019s Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"R3-20260918","article-title":"Scope of Practice","year":"2025","journal-title":"ASATT"},{"key":"R8-20260918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.4103\/jehp.jehp_133_19","article-title":"Development and implementation of a competency-based module for teaching research methodology to medical undergraduates","volume":"8","author":"Patra","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Educ Health Promot"},{"key":"R9-20260918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.4103\/mjmsr.mjmsr_50_17","article-title":"Development of a module to successfully implement competency-based medical education program in an institute","volume":"9","author":"Shrivastava","year":"2018","journal-title":"Muller J Med Sci Res"},{"key":"R10-20260918","first-page":"e98321","article-title":"Effectiveness of demonstration-observation-assistance-performance (DOAP) versus video-assisted learning (VAL) for obstetric examination skills among phase 3 bachelor of medicine and bachelor of surgery (MBBS) students","volume":"17","author":"Bhavya","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"R11-20260918","first-page":"18","article-title":"Modern techniques of teaching and learning in medical education: A descriptive literature review","volume":"10","author":"Challa","year":"2021","journal-title":"MedEdPublish (2016)"},{"key":"R12-20260918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1007\/s40670-020-00938-9","article-title":"Effectiveness of small group discussions for teaching specific pharmacology concepts","volume":"30","author":"Arja","year":"2020","journal-title":"Med Sci Educ"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"R13-20260918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S3","DOI":"10.4103\/2229-516X.162253","article-title":"Assessment of the acceptance and effectiveness of peer-assisted learning in pediatrics","volume":"5","author":"Awasthi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Appl Basic Med Res"},{"key":"R14-20260918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1186\/s12909-019-1795-4","article-title":"Team-based learning (TBL): A community of practice","volume":"19","author":"Burgess","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Med Educ"},{"key":"R15-20260918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amsu.2016.11.011","article-title":"Problem-based learning in medical school: A student\u2019s perspective","volume":"12","author":"Chang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann Med Surg (Lond)"},{"key":"R16-20260918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1186\/s12909-017-0965-5","article-title":"First year medical students\u2019 learning style preferences and their correlation with performance in different subjects within the medical course","volume":"17","author":"Hern\u00e1ndez-Torrano","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Med Educ"},{"key":"R17-20260918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.profnurs.2020.10.001","article-title":"Global standards for professional nursing education: The time is now","volume":"37","author":"Baker","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Prof Nurs"},{"key":"R18-20260918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1186\/s12909-018-1144-z","article-title":"Flipped classroom improves student learning in health professions education: A meta-analysis","volume":"18","author":"Hew","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Med Educ"},{"key":"R19-20260918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"952","DOI":"10.1186\/s12909-023-04930-w","article-title":"Perceptions of paramedic educators on assessments used in the first year of a paramedic programme: A qualitative exploration","volume":"23","author":"Knox","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Med Educ"},{"key":"R20-20260918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.4103\/ijabmr.ijabmr_205_24","article-title":"Periodically modified regulatory reforms for implementation of competency-driven undergraduate medical curriculum in India: A comparative analysis","volume":"14","author":"Mahajan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Appl Basic Med Res"},{"key":"R21-20260918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.4103\/ija.ija_674_22","article-title":"Postgraduate training in anaesthesiology-A modular curriculum","volume":"67","author":"Malik","year":"2023","journal-title":"Indian J Anaesth"}],"container-title":["Indian Journal of Anaesthesia"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/ija.ija_1151_25","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T15:11:12Z","timestamp":1789744272000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/ija.ija_1151_25"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"Suppl 3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/ija.ija_1151_25","relation":{},"ISSN":["0019-5049","0976-2817"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0019-5049","type":"print"},{"value":"0976-2817","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-08-26","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-06-02","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}