{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T20:36:20Z","timestamp":1786739780976,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,16]],"date-time":"2025-04-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744761600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Aims:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Palatoplasties are extremely painful surgeries commonly performed in children; hence, providing excellent analgesia for these surgeries is crucial. This study aims to evaluate the effect of bilateral intranasal transmucosal sphenopalatine ganglion (SPG) block on intraoperative fentanyl requirement in children undergoing palatoplasty under general anaesthesia (GA).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Thirty American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status (PS) I and II patients, aged 6 months\u201312 years, scheduled to undergo palatoplasty, were randomised to two groups. After induction of anaesthesia, patients in Group T received bilateral SPG block using 0.5% bupivacaine-soaked cotton-tip applicators, while patients in Group C received standard anaesthesia care. The primary outcome was intraoperative fentanyl requirement, and secondary outcomes were intraoperative haemodynamics and post-extubation Paediatric Anaesthesia Emergence Delirium (PAED) scale scores at 5 and 10 min, respectively.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The mean intraoperative fentanyl consumption was 26.73 [standard deviation (SD): 10.19)] [95% confidence interval (CI): 20.38, 33.08] \u03bcg in Group T compared to 34.47 (SD: 12.73) (95% CI: 27.20, 41.74) \u03bcg in Group C (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.008). Heart rate and mean arterial pressure were lower in Group T as compared to that in Group C (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.05). PAED scale scores were recorded to be 7.33 (SD: 1.50) (95% CI: 6.47, 8.19) and 6.00 (SD: 1.31) (95% CI: 5.30, 6.70) for Group T, and 15.53 (SD: 0.74) (95% CI: 15.13, 15.93) and 14.07 (SD: 0.59) (95% CI: 13.75, 14.39) for Group C at 5 and 10 min, respectively (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>SPG block causes a significant reduction in intraoperative fentanyl consumption, stabilises haemodynamics, and facilitates smoother recovery of children undergoing palatoplasty under GA.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ija.ija_1186_24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,16]],"date-time":"2025-04-16T10:00:10Z","timestamp":1744797610000},"page":"471-476","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Effect of bilateral intranasal transmucosal sphenopalatine ganglion block on intraoperative fentanyl requirement in children undergoing palatoplasty under general anaesthesia \u2013 A randomised, double-blinded, comparative study"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"69","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-0700-6817","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yellala","family":"Srinivas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesia, Atal Bihari Vajpayee Institute of Medical Sciences and Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0202-8544","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shubhi","family":"Singhal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesia, Atal Bihari Vajpayee Institute of Medical Sciences and Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6379-6101","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rupesh","family":"Yadav","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesia, Atal Bihari Vajpayee Institute of Medical Sciences and Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8623-5326","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Devang","family":"Bharti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Maulana Azad Medical College and Associated Hospitals, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20250416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.4103\/ija.ija_813_21","article-title":"Effectiveness of pre-emptive nerve block on opioid consumption in patients undergoing nasal surgery under general anaesthesia: A double-blinded randomised controlled study","volume":"66","author":"Arthasarathy","year":"2022","journal-title":"Indian J Anaesth"},{"key":"R2-20250416","first-page":"152","article-title":"The benefits of opioid-free anesthesia and the precautions necessary when employing it","volume":"7","author":"Bohringer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Transl Perioper Pain Med"},{"key":"R3-20250416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0000000000006829","article-title":"Analgesic efficacy of intraoperative nerve blocks for primary palatoplasty","volume":"32","author":"Oberhofer","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Craniofac Surg"},{"key":"R4-20250416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1873","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2018.03.037","article-title":"Does sphenopalatine ganglion block improve pain control and intraoperative hemodynamics in children undergoing palatoplasty? A randomized controlled trial","volume":"76","author":"Parameswaran","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"R5-20250416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.4103\/joacp.joacp_279_21","article-title":"Effects of bilateral transmucosal sphenopalatine ganglion block on intraoperative anesthetic requirements and recovery profile in children undergoing palatoplasty under general anesthesia","volume":"39","author":"Rajan","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Anaesthesiol Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"R6-20250416","first-page":"35","article-title":"The effect of endoscopic sphenopalatine ganglion block on hemodynamics in functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) operation","volume":"34","author":"Mostafa","year":"2023","journal-title":"Minia J Med Res"},{"key":"R7-20250416","first-page":"45","article-title":"Bilateral sphenopalatine ganglion block in functional endoscopic sinus surgery under general anesthesia","volume":"8","author":"Ismail","year":"2005","journal-title":"Alex J Anesth Intensive Care"},{"key":"R8-20250416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.4103\/2356-9115.195878","article-title":"Evaluation of the efficacy of bilateral sphenopalatine ganglion block in endoscopic sinus surgery under general anesthesia: A randomized prospective controlled trial","volume":"3","author":"Bhattacharyya","year":"2016","journal-title":"Res Opin Anaesth Intensive Care"},{"key":"R9-20250416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101429","DOI":"10.1016\/j.accpm.2024.101429","article-title":"Efficacy of ultrasound guided sphenopalatine ganglion block in management of emergence agitation after sinoscopic nasal surgery: A randomized double-blind controlled study","volume":"43","author":"Hamed","year":"2024","journal-title":"Anaesth Crit Care Pain Med"},{"key":"R10-20250416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/j.egja.2010.05.002","article-title":"Bilateral sphenopalatine ganglion block as adjuvant to general anesthesia during endoscopic trans-nasal resection of pituitary adenoma","volume":"26","author":"Ali","year":"2010","journal-title":"Egypt J Anaesth"}],"container-title":["Indian Journal of Anaesthesia"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/ija.ija_1186_24","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T19:33:00Z","timestamp":1786735980000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/ija.ija_1186_24"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,16]]},"references-count":10,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/ija.ija_1186_24","relation":{},"ISSN":["0019-5049","0976-2817"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0019-5049","type":"print"},{"value":"0976-2817","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-11-17","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-02-13","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}