{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T16:20:43Z","timestamp":1787847643708,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Aims:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ultrasonography (USG) is used to evaluate gastric residual volume (GRV); however, this technique may have inter-assessor variability. This study aimed to measure GRV in three groups of fasted patients 2 h after they received 200 mL of water, clear apple juice or apple-flavoured oral rehydration solution (ORS) and to determine inter-assessor reliability of USG-guided GRV measurement.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We randomised 90 adult patients planned for elective cancer surgery, with no risk factors for delayed gastric emptying, to receive 200 mL of water, clear apple juice or apple-flavoured ORS after overnight fasting. Two hours later, two blinded assessors (a trained anaesthesiologist and a radiologist) independently determined USG-guided GRV. The primary outcome was GRV measured by the radiologist. The secondary outcome was inter-assessor correlation and agreement in GRV measurements.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      There was no statistically significant difference in median GRV between groups (apple-flavoured ORS 74.8 mL, apple juice 63.7 mL, and water 62.1 mL,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.11). We found poor correlation between measurements of radiologist and anaesthesiologist (Intra-class correlation coefficient 0.3, 95% confidence intervals 0.09 to 0.48,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      value 0.002). The average (mean) bias was 5.4 mL (standard deviation 42.3 mL) and the 95% limits of agreement were -79.2 ml to +90 ml.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients receiving 200 mL of water, clear apple juice or apple-flavoured ORS had comparable GRV after 2 h. There was poor correlation and agreement between GRV measurements of different assessors, indicating that more training may be required for anaesthesiologists to attain proficiency in the quantitative assessment of GRV.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ija.ija_1291_20","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,15]],"date-time":"2021-04-15T05:43:11Z","timestamp":1618465391000},"page":"289-294","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Ultrasound-guided assessment of gastric residual volume in patients receiving three types of clear fluids"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"65","author":[{"given":"Jeson Rajan","family":"Doctor","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pramila","family":"Chandan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nitin","family":"Shetty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kunal","family":"Gala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Priya","family":"Ranganathan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R2-3-20240902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.4103\/ija.IJA_735_20","article-title":"Perioperative fasting and feeding in adults, obstetric, paediatric and bariatric population: Practice Guidelines from the Indian Society of Anaesthesiologists","volume":"64","author":"Dongare","year":"2020","journal-title":"Indian J Anaesth"},{"key":"R3-3-20240902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1086","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0b013e31820dee48","article-title":"Clinical assessment of the ultrasonographic measurement of antral area for estimating preoperative gastric content and volume","volume":"114","author":"Bouvet","year":"2011","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"R4-3-20240902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0b013e31821b98c0","article-title":"Gastric sonography in the fasted surgical patient: A prospective descriptive study","volume":"113","author":"Perlas","year":"2011","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"R5-3-20240902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0b013e318274fc19","article-title":"Validation of a mathematical model for ultrasound assessment of gastric volume by gastroscopic 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Anaesth"},{"key":"R12-3-20240902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.1177\/0310057X1804600612","article-title":"Preoperative gastric residual volumes in fasted patients measured by bedside ultrasound: A prospective observational study","volume":"46","author":"Ohashi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Anaesth Intensive Care"},{"key":"R13-3-20240902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5542","DOI":"10.12659\/MSM.908520","article-title":"Preoperative assessment of ultrasonographic measurement of antral area for gastric content","volume":"24","author":"Kaydu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Med Sci Monit"},{"key":"R14-3-20240902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aew435","article-title":"When fasted is not empty: A retrospective cohort study of gastric content in fasted surgical patients","volume":"118","author":"Van de Putte","year":"2017","journal-title":"Br J 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study"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/ija.ija_1291_20","relation":{},"ISSN":["0019-5049"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0019-5049","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]}}}