{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T02:04:44Z","timestamp":1792548284704,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Aims:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Regional anaesthesia has been used to reduce acute post-operative pain as well as opioid-related side effects in breast cancer surgery. Erector spinae plane (ESP) block is a relatively new fascial plane block being tried in various surgical procedures. Our study is a double-blind randomised trial, designed to prove the efficacy of this block in breast surgeries.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Seventy female patients scheduled for unilateral breast surgery were enroled in this prospective, randomised, double-blind study. Patients were randomised to group A and group B. All patients received general anaesthesia while group B received additional ultrasound-guided erector spinae block given at thoracic level\u2014T5 with 20ml of 0.25% bupivacaine. Time to first rescue analgesia was the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes were total intraoperative opioid consumption, pain scores over 24 h, post-operative nausea and vomiting and patient satisfaction score at discharge. The Shapiro\u2013Wilk test was used to check the normality of each variable. A comparison was done using Mann\u2013Whitney test and the level of significance was set at 0.05.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The median time to first rescue analgesia in group A versus group B was 1 h (1\u201312h) versus 8 h (1\u201326h), respectively, with a\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      value of 0.044. Group B patients had lower pain scores post-operatively and better satisfaction scores at discharge. There was no statistically significant difference in intraoperative fentanyl consumption.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ultrasound-guided ESP block with general anaesthesia offers superior post-operative analgesia compared to general anaesthesia alone in patients undergoing unilateral nonreconstructive breast cancer surgeries.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ija.ija_1426_20","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T02:03:07Z","timestamp":1638324187000},"page":"377-382","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Efficacy of ultrasound-guided erector spinae plane block following breast surgery \u2013 A double\u2013blinded randomised, controlled study"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"65","author":[{"given":"Prathiba","family":"Thiagarajan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raghu S.","family":"Thota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.V.","family":"Divatia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-5-20240902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1111\/ajco.12661","article-title":"Epidemiology of breast cancer in Indian women","volume":"13","author":"Malvia","year":"2017","journal-title":"Asia Pac J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"R2-5-20240902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.2165\/00044011-200626080-00001","article-title":"Prophylaxis of postoperative nausea and vomiting in patients scheduled for breast surgery","volume":"26","author":"Fujii","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Drug Investig"},{"key":"R3-5-20240902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E352","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.151276","article-title":"Predictors of persistent pain after breast cancer surgery: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies","volume":"188","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"CMAJ"},{"key":"R4-5-20240902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.4103\/joacp.JOACP_143_17","article-title":"Opioid-free anaesthesia for breast cancer surgery: An observational study","volume":"34","author":"Tripathy","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Anaesthesiol Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"R5-5-20240902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1402","DOI":"10.1097\/00000539-200006000-00026","article-title":"Thoracic paravertebral block for breast surgery","volume":"90","author":"Klein","year":"2000","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"R6-5-20240902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2016.07.040","article-title":"COMBIPECS, the singleinjection technique of pectoral nerve blocks 1 and 2: A case series","volume":"35","author":"Chakraborty","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Clin Anesth"},{"key":"R7-5-20240902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1097\/AAP.0000000000000451","article-title":"The erector spinae plane block: A novel analgesic technique in thoracic neuropathic pain","volume":"41","author":"Forero","year":"2016","journal-title":"Reg Anesth Pain Med"},{"key":"R8-5-20240902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1097\/AAP.0b013e31823dc340","article-title":"Ultrasound-guided regional anesthesia performance in the early learning period: Effect of simulation training","volume":"37","author":"Niazi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Reg Anesth Pain Med"},{"key":"R9-5-20240902","first-page":"961","article-title":"Efficacy of modified PECs block in control of perioperative pain in breast surgeries","volume":"85","author":"El-Sheikh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Med J Cairo Univ"},{"key":"R10-5-20240902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e291","DOI":"10.3346\/jkms.2018.33.e291","article-title":"Erector spinae plane block for effective analgesia after total mastectomy with sentinel or axillary lymph node dissection: A report of three cases","volume":"33","author":"Kwon","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Korean Med Sci"},{"key":"R11-5-20240902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.4103\/ija.IJA_758_18","article-title":"Ultrasound-guided erector spinae plane block for postoperative analgesia in modified radical mastectomy: A randomised control study","volume":"63","author":"Singh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Indian J Anaesth"},{"key":"R12-5-20240902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1007\/s00266-018-1286-8","article-title":"Ultrasound-guided bilateral erector spinae block versus tumescent anesthesia for postoperative analgesia in patients undergoing reduction mammoplasty: A randomized controlled study","volume":"43","author":"Oksuz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Aesthetic Plast Surg"},{"key":"R13-5-20240902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.4103\/sja.SJA_560_17","article-title":"Initial experience of erector spinae plane block in patients undergoing breast surgery: A case series","volume":"13","author":"Talawar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Saudi J Anaesth"},{"key":"R14-5-20240902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.4103\/ija.IJA_523_17","article-title":"A randomised controlled study of the post-operative analgesic efficacy of ultrasound-guided pectoral nerve block in the first 24 h after modified radical mastectomy","volume":"62","author":"Kumar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Indian J Anaesth"},{"key":"R15-5-20240902","first-page":"127467","article-title":"Breast surgery using thoracic paravertebral blockade and sedation alone","volume":"2014","author":"Simpson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Anesthesiol Res Pract"},{"key":"R16-5-20240902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2018.08.013","article-title":"Limitations of the Erector Spinae Plane (ESP) block for radical mastectomy","volume":"51","author":"Ueshima","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Clin Anesth"},{"key":"R17-5-20240902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1097\/AAP.0000000000000789","article-title":"A cadaveric study investigating the mechanism of action of erector spinae blockade","volume":"43","author":"Ivanusic","year":"2018","journal-title":"Reg Anesth Pain Med"},{"key":"R18-5-20240902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2018.10.040","article-title":"Comparison of the effects of modified pectoral nerve block and erector spinae plane block on postoperative opioid consumption and pain scores of patients after radical mastectomy surgery: A prospective, randomized, controlled trial","volume":"54","author":"Alt\u0131parmak","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Clin Anesth"},{"key":"R19-5-20240902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.23333","article-title":"The pecs anesthetic blockade: A correlation between magnetic resonance imaging, ultrasound imaging, reconstructed cross-sectional anatomy and cross-sectional histology","volume":"32","author":"Versyck","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Anat"},{"key":"R20-5-20240902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2018.06.033","article-title":"Ultrasound guided erector spinae plane block reduces postoperative opioid consumption following breast surgery: A randomized controlled study","volume":"50","author":"G\u00fcrkan","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Clin Anesth"}],"container-title":["Indian Journal of 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