{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T14:18:56Z","timestamp":1787840336733,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Aims:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The performance of non-invasive techniques remains inconsistent in cardiac surgical patients. This study assessed the level of agreement and trending abilities of cardiac index (CI) values obtained using Noninvasive Cardiac System (NICaS\n                      <jats:sup>TM<\/jats:sup>\n                      ) and FloTrac\n                      <jats:sup>TM<\/jats:sup>\n                      (version 4.0) in adult patients undergoing cardiac surgery.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This retrospective observational study was conducted over 6 months at a tertiary care centre and included 16 patients undergoing elective cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. CI was measured simultaneously using FloTrac\n                      <jats:sup>TM<\/jats:sup>\n                      from the radial (FCIrad) and femoral (FCIfem) arteries and using NICaS\n                      <jats:sup>TM<\/jats:sup>\n                      at corresponding time points (NCIrad and NCIfem). CI measurements were recorded at six time points: baseline (T1), post-induction (T2), post-sternotomy (T3), post-CPB weaning (T4), post-protamine (T5), and post-sternal closure (T6). Agreement between methods was assessed using Bland\u2013Altman analysis, while trending ability was evaluated using four-quadrant and polar plot analyses. A \u00b130% change in CI relative to FloTrac\u2122 values was considered the acceptable limit of agreement.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 90 paired measurements were available for FCIrad\u2013NCIrad and 73 for FCIfem\u2013NCIfem. Bland\u2013Altman analysis showed a bias of 0.33 L\/min\/m\u00b2 (limits of agreement: -1.81 to 2.48 L\/min\/m\u00b2) for FCIrad\u2013NCIrad and 0.52 L\/min\/m\u00b2 (-2.03 to 3.07 L\/min\/m\u00b2) for FCIfem\u2013NCIfem. Four-quadrant plots demonstrated concordance rates of 69% (radial) and 63.4% (femoral). Polar plot analysis showed angular concordance rates of 46% (radial) and 31% (femoral).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      NICaS\n                      <jats:sup>TM<\/jats:sup>\n                      showed limited agreement and trending ability compared with FloTrac\n                      <jats:sup>TM<\/jats:sup>\n                      at radial and femoral sites, indicating limited interchangeability between the two methods during cardiac surgery.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ija.ija_1650_25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T11:00:41Z","timestamp":1773399641000},"page":"443-451","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Comparison of cardiac index 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