{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T15:33:20Z","timestamp":1787758400759,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Aims:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>An electronic stethoscope with an inbuilt phonocardiogram is a potentially useful tool for paediatric cardiac evaluation in a resource-limited setting. We aimed to compare the acoustic and electronic stethoscopes with respect to the detection of murmurs as compared to the transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This was an observational study. Fifty children aged 0\u201312 years with congenital heart diseases (CHDs) and 50 without CHD scheduled for echocardiography were examined using both stethoscopes. The findings were corroborated with clinical findings and compared with the echocardiography report.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among the 50 cases without CHD, no murmur was detected using either of the stethoscopes. This was in agreement with TTE findings. The calculated specificity of both stethoscopes was 100%. Amongst the 50 cases with CHD, the electronic stethoscope picked up murmurs in 32 cases and missed 18 cases. The acoustic stethoscope picked up murmurs in 29 cases and missed 21 cases. Thus, the sensitivity of electronic and acoustic stethoscopes as compared to TTE was calculated to be 64% and 58%, respectively. The positive predictive value of the electronic stethoscope as compared to TTE was 100% while the negative predictive value was 73%. The kappa statistic was 0.93 suggesting agreement in 93%. Mc-Nemar\u2019s test value was 0.24 suggesting that the electronic stethoscope did not offer any advantage over the acoustic stethoscope for the detection of CHD in children.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A comparison of the electronic stethoscope with an acoustic stethoscope suggests that the rate of detection of CHD with both stethoscopes is similar and echocardiography remains the gold standard.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ija.ija_305_22","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,16]],"date-time":"2022-09-16T09:42:57Z","timestamp":1663321377000},"page":"625-630","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Evaluation of the electronic stethoscope (FONODOC) as a cardiac screening tool during the preoperative evaluation of children"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"66","author":[{"given":"Vasudha","family":"Ahuja","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Priyanka","family":"Kini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anitha","family":"Nileshwar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1-20240902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1075","DOI":"10.1007\/s13312-018-1445-7","article-title":"Congenital heart disease in India:A status report","volume":"55","author":"Saxena","year":"2018","journal-title":"Indian Pediatr"},{"key":"B2-20240902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1053\/j.pcsu.2010.02.005","article-title":"The challenge of congenital heart disease worldwide:Epidemiologic and demographic facts","volume":"13","author":"Bernier","year":"2010","journal-title":"Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg Pediatr Card Surg Annu"},{"key":"B4-20240902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.4103\/jpcs.jpcs_47_18","article-title":"Electronic Stethoscopes:Brief review of clinical utility, evidence, and future implications","volume":"4","author":"Langde","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Pract Cardiovasc Sci"},{"key":"B5-20240902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1186\/s12938-015-0056-y","article-title":"The electronic stethoscope","volume":"14","author":"Leng","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biomed Eng Online"},{"key":"B6-20240902","first-page":"1","article-title":"Phonocardiogram signal analysis - practices, trends and challenges: A critical review","author":"Chakrabarti","year":"2015","journal-title":"International Conference and Workshop on Computing and Communication (IEMCON)"},{"key":"B7-20240902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1109\/SSST.2001.918505","article-title":"An electronic stethoscope with diagnosis capability","author":"Myint","year":"2001","journal-title":"Proceedings of the 33rd Southeastern Symposium on System Theory (Cat. 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