{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T16:09:47Z","timestamp":1791216587475,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":8,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,12]],"date-time":"2025-08-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754956800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Aims:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Postoperative delirium (POD) is a transient but serious complication that affects cognition and recovery. It may develop immediately after anaesthesia or following an otherwise uneventful emergence. As POD is associated with increased mortality and prolonged hospitalisation, identifying perioperative risk factors is essential. This study aimed to evaluate anaesthetic factors influencing POD during postoperative intensive care unit (ICU) stay.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      After ethics approval, we retrospectively reviewed ICU-admitted patients who underwent propofol- or desflurane-based general anaesthesia between January and December 2020. Patients who were intentionally sedated or mechanically ventilated postoperatively were excluded. Of 1,040 eligible patients, the POD was assessed using the Confusion Assessment Method for the ICU. Patients were classified into POD and non-POD groups. Demographics, surgical variables, and anaesthetic factors were compared using the Chi-square test, goodness-of-fit test, and Student\u2019s\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">t<\/jats:italic>\n                      -test. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify significant risk factors (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>POD occurred in 43 patients (4.1%). Affected patients were older, in poorer preoperative health, and had longer anaesthesia and surgery times. Univariate analysis showed associations between POD and age, American society of Anesthesiologists-Physical Status (ASA-PS), dementia, surgery duration, and intraoperative tracheostomy. Multivariate analysis identified age, ASA-PS, surgical site, anaesthesia time, and tracheostomy as independent predictors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Prolonged anaesthesia was found to be a modifiable risk factor for POD. Identifying at-risk patients and minimising anaesthesia time may help reduce POD incidence. Persistent delirium beyond 72 hours postoperatively warrants further evaluation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ija.ija_377_25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,11]],"date-time":"2025-08-11T15:03:04Z","timestamp":1754924584000},"page":"926-932","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Incidence and perioperative risk factors for postoperative delirium in the intensive care unit among adult surgical patients \u2013 Retrospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"69","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7224-5993","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kotoe","family":"Kamata","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Miyagi, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0116-319X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Satoshi","family":"Hagihira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20260421","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1097\/EJA.0000000000001876","article-title":"Update of the European Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine evidence-based and consensus-based guideline on postoperative delirium in adult patients","volume":"41","author":"Aldecoa","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur J Anaesthesiol"},{"key":"R2-20260421","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2461","DOI":"10.1002\/nop2.1263","article-title":"Delirium in elderly postoperative patients: A prospective cohort study","volume":"9","author":"Muzzana","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nurs Open"},{"key":"R3-20260421","first-page":"CD013126","article-title":"Confusion assessment method for the intensive care unit (CAM-ICU) for the diagnosis of delirium in adults in critical care settings","volume":"11","author":"Miranda","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"R4-20260421","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1572","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000004641","article-title":"American society for enhanced recovery and perioperative quality initiative joint consensus statement on postoperative delirium prevention","volume":"130","author":"Hughes","year":"2020","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"R5-20260421","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aucc.2019.12.002","article-title":"Influence of sedation on delirium recognition in critically ill patients: A multinational cohort study","volume":"33","author":"Van den Boogaard","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aust Crit Care"},{"key":"R6-20260421","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1199685","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2023.1199685","article-title":"Sleep and critical illness: A review","volume":"10","author":"Eschbach","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)"},{"key":"R7-20260421","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1007\/s10143-021-01619-w","article-title":"Delirium in neurosurgery: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"45","author":"Kappen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neurosurg Rev"},{"key":"R8-20260421","article-title":"Temporal trends and severity of postoperative delirium in cardiac surgery: Insights from a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"17","author":"Shamsi","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth"}],"container-title":["Indian Journal of Anaesthesia"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/ija.ija_377_25","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T19:01:27Z","timestamp":1786647687000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/ija.ija_377_25"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,12]]},"references-count":8,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/ija.ija_377_25","relation":{},"ISSN":["0019-5049","0976-2817"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0019-5049","type":"print"},{"value":"0976-2817","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-04-01","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-07-10","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}