{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T16:31:24Z","timestamp":1787761884991,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Aims:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ketamine and dexmedet omidine have neuroprotective effects that may reduce the occurrence of postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) when they are used by intravenous infusion in geriatric patients scheduled for cataract extraction.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Ninety patients aged 65-85 years old, ASA physical status II and III, and scheduled for cataract extraction under peribulbar block were randomly distributed equally among three groups:\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">control group<\/jats:italic>\n                      , in which patients received normal saline;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">ketamine group<\/jats:italic>\n                      , in which patients received 0.3 mg\/kg\/h of ketamine; and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">dexmedetomidine<\/jats:italic>\n                      group, in which patients received 0.5 \u00b5g\/kg\/h of dexmedetomidine. Medications were administrated by intravenous infusion and started 10 min before the surgery and continued throughout the duration of surgery. The analysed parameters included the incidence of POCD (primary outcome) through composite score of neuropsychological testing at one week and 3 months after surgery, postoperative pain score, postoperative sedation score, changes in haemodynamic parameters, changes in intraocular pressure, and incidence of complications.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In comparison with control group, ketamine and dexmedetomidine groups exhibited a significant decline in number of patients who developed POCD (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.0001), a decrease in the postoperative pain score 4 h after surgery (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.038), and an increase in the postoperative Ramsay sedation Score (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.0002, 0.0003, and 0.011), without significant changes in the vital parameters, intraocular tension, or incidence of complications. Ketamine and dexmedetomidine groups were comparable.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Intravenous administration of ketamine or dexmedetomidine in elderly patients undergoing cataract surgery under peribulbar anesthesia significantly decreases the incidence of POCD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ija.ija_429_22","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,15]],"date-time":"2023-02-15T04:40:32Z","timestamp":1676436032000},"page":"186-193","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Effects of ketamine or dexmedetomidine on postoperative cognitive dysfunction after cataract surgery: A randomized controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"67","author":[{"given":"Mohamed E","family":"Oriby","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesia and Surgical Intensive Care, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt"},{"name":"Department of Anesthesia, Magrabi Center, Doha, Qatar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ayman A","family":"Elrashidy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesia and Surgical Intensive Care, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt"},{"name":"Department of Anesthesia, Magrabi Center, Doha, Qatar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed","family":"Elsharkawy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sameh A","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesia and Surgical Intensive Care, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20240902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"880","DOI":"10.4103\/ija.IJA_365_20","article-title":"Substitution of propofol for dexmedetomidine in the anaesthetic regimen does not ameliorate the post-operative cognitive decline in elderly patients","volume":"64","author":"Chawdhary","year":"2020","journal-title":"Indian J Anaesth"},{"key":"R2-20240902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"872","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0000000000002334","article-title":"Recommendations for the nomenclature of cognitive change associated with anaesthesia and surgery-2018","volume":"129","author":"Evered","year":"2018","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"R3-20240902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1189","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000003634","article-title":"Recommendations for the nomenclature of cognitive change associated with anaesthesia and surgery-2018","volume":"127","author":"Evered","year":"2018","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"R4-20240902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5049.93339","article-title":"Comparative evaluation of ropivacaine and lignocaine with ropivacaine, lignocaine and clonidine combination during peribulbar anaesthesia for phacoemulsification cataract surgery","volume":"56","author":"Khan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Indian J Anaesth"},{"key":"R5-20240902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5049.84850","article-title":"General anaesthesia does not contribute to long-term post-operative cognitive dysfunction in adults","volume":"55","author":"Guay","year":"2011","journal-title":"Indian J Anaesth"},{"key":"R6-20240902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1182","DOI":"10.1111\/aas.13168","article-title":"Intraoperative ketamine administration to prevent delirium or postoperative cognitive dysfunction:A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"62","author":"Hovaguimian","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Anaesthesiol Scand"},{"key":"R7-20240902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.4103\/ija.IJA_168_21","article-title":"Comparison of dexmedetomidine in two different doses on emergence agitation in children under sevoflurane anaesthesia","volume":"65","author":"Ramachandran","year":"2021","journal-title":"Indian J Anaesth"},{"key":"R8-20240902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5049.199850","article-title":"Efficacy of intranasal dexmedetomidine versus oral midazolam for paediatric premedication","volume":"61","author":"Kumar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Indian J Anaesth"},{"key":"R9-20240902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(97)07382-0","article-title":"Long-term postoperative cognitive dysfunction in the elderly ISPOCD1 study. 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