{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T00:12:30Z","timestamp":1788826350969,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Background and Aims:<\/jats:title>\n In recent times, non-opioid analgesic-based anaesthesia has been gaining popularity as it can achieve the goals of hypnosis, amnesia, and haemodynamic stability while avoiding opioid side effects. Our study compares the efficacy of opioid-free anaesthesia and opioid-based general anaesthesia regarding intraoperative haemodynamic stability, anaesthetic requirements, awareness, and recovery profile.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods:<\/jats:title>\n \n After receiving ethical approval and registering the trial, we conducted this randomised, single-blinded study on American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status I and II patients who were aged 18\u201365 and were scheduled for modified radical mastectomy under general anaesthesia. Patients were randomised into two groups of 60 each. Group DL received IV dexmedetomidine 1 \u03bcg\/kg loading over 10 min, 10 min before induction and 0.5 \u03bcg\/kg\/h infusion after that along with IV lignocaine 1.5 mg\/kg at bolus followed by 1.5 mg\/kg\/h infusion. Group MN received IV morphine 0.15 mg\/kg. Standard monitoring and general anaesthesia protocol were followed. Intraoperative haemodynamics, anaesthetic requirement, extubation time, and recovery profile were monitored. Data were analysed using Stata version 14 software, and statistical tests (Chi-squared test for qualitative variables, unpaired\n t<\/jats:italic>\n -test and Mann\u2013Whitney\n U<\/jats:italic>\n test for quantitative variables) were performed.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n \n Both groups had comparable haemodynamic stability (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n > 0.05). Group DL had a significantly lower propofol requirement for induction and maintenance (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.001). Ramsay sedation score (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.002) and extubation time (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.029) were significantly higher in Group MN. The recovery profile was favourable in Group DL, with there being lower postoperative complications.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n Dexmedetomidine and lignocaine IV infusion demonstrated stable intraoperative haemodynamic stability, lower anaesthetic requirement, and better recovery profile than morphine without significant complications.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ija.ija_581_22","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,14]],"date-time":"2023-08-14T02:57:08Z","timestamp":1691981828000},"page":"697-702","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Efficacy of intravenous dexmedetomidine-lignocaine infusion compared to morphine for intraoperative haemodynamic stability in modified radical mastectomy: A randomised controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"67","author":[{"given":"Annu","family":"Jose","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology, Government Medical College, Calicut, Kerala, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suvarna","family":"Kaniyil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology, Government Medical College, Calicut, Kerala, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rashmi","family":"Ravindran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology, Government Medical College, Calicut, Kerala, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20240902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e020873","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2017-020873","article-title":"POFA trial study protocol:A multicentre, double-blind, randomised, controlled clinical trial comparing opioid-free versus opioid anaesthesia on postoperative opioid-related adverse events after major or intermediate non-cardiac surgery","volume":"8","author":"Beloeil","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"R2-20240902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.accpm.2018.05.002","article-title":"Opioid-free anaesthesia. Why and how?A contextual analysis","volume":"38","author":"Forget","year":"2019","journal-title":"Anaesth Critical Care Pain Med"},{"key":"R3-20240902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300060520967830","DOI":"10.1177\/0300060520967830","article-title":"Opioid-free anaesthesia with a mixture of dexmedetomidine, ketamine, and lidocaine in one syringe for surgery in obese patients","volume":"48","author":"Baek","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Int Med Res"},{"key":"R4-20240902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1186\/s12871-021-01283-z","article-title":"Effects of dexmedetomidine on intraoperative hemodynamics, recovery profile and postoperative pain in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy:A randomised controlled trial","volume":"21","author":"Ye","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Anesthesiol"},{"key":"R5-20240902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.4103\/0259-1162.171460","article-title":"Effects of dexmedetomidine on perioperative monitoring parameters and recovery in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy","volume":"10","author":"Chavan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Anesth Essays Res"},{"key":"R6-20240902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2017.11.005","article-title":"Opioid-free general anaesthesia, a new paradigm?","volume":"31","author":"Mulier","year":"2017","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesio"},{"key":"R7-20240902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1111\/aas.13994","article-title":"Total opioid-free general anaesthesia can improve postoperative outcomes after surgery, without evidence of adverse effects on patient safety and pain management:A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"66","author":"Olausson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Acta Anaesthesiol Scand"},{"key":"R8-20240902","first-page":"e87","article-title":"Effect of dexmedetomidine added to modified pectoral block on postoperative pain and stress response in patient undergoing modified radical mastectomy","volume":"21","author":"Bakr","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pain Physician"},{"key":"R9-20240902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3800","DOI":"10.1007\/s11695-019-04074-1","article-title":"The effect of intraoperative dexmedetomidine versus morphine on postoperative morphine requirements after laparoscopic bariatric surgery","volume":"29","author":"Zeeni","year":"2019","journal-title":"Obes Surg"},{"key":"R10-20240902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.4097\/kjae.2017.70.6.652","article-title":"Opioid-free anaesthesia using continuous dexmedetomidine and lidocaine infusions in spine surgery","volume":"70","author":"Kim","year":"2017","journal-title":"Korean J Anesth"},{"key":"R11-20240902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2069","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10102069","article-title":"Opioid-free anesthesia benefit-risk balance:A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"10","author":"Salom\u00e9","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"R12-20240902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.4103\/ija.ija_785_21","article-title":"Opioid-free anaesthesia for laparoscopic surgeries-A prospective non-randomised study in a tertiary care hospital","volume":"66","author":"Ragupathy","year":"2022","journal-title":"Indian J Anaesth"},{"key":"R13-20240902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.4103\/ija.IJA_620_19","article-title":"Haemodynamic and analgesic control in a perioperative opioid-free approach to bariatric surgery\u2013A case report","volume":"64","author":"De S\u00e1","year":"2020","journal-title":"Indian J Anaesth"},{"key":"R14-20240902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.4103\/joacp.JOACP_382_18","article-title":"Comparison of opioid-based and opioid-free TIVA for laparoscopic urological procedures in obese 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