{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T01:45:32Z","timestamp":1792806332961,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"\n Background and Aims:<\/jats:title>\n Preoxygenation is crucial during rapid sequence induction, especially in peritonitis patients undergoing exploratory laparotomy who are prone to hypoxaemia. This study compares high-flow nasal oxygen (HFNO) versus facemask for preoxygenation efficacy, laryngoscopy duration, desaturation, arterial blood gases, and patient comfort.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods:<\/jats:title>\n \n Sixty consenting, haemodynamically stable patients aged \u226515 years, scheduled for exploratory laparotomy, were randomised into two equal groups receiving preoxygenation using either HFNO at 50 L\/min for 5 min or standard anatomical facemask (SMO) at 10 L\/min. Arterial blood gas samples were obtained preoperatively, 5 min after preoxygenation, and 1 min following intubation. The primary outcome was partial pressure of arterial oxygen (PaO\u2082) after 5 min of preoxygenation. Secondary outcomes included partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide (PaCO\u2082), peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO\u2082), laryngoscopy duration, desaturation incidence, patient comfort, and haemodynamic parameters. Statistical analysis was performed using independent\n t<\/jats:italic>\n -test, Wilcoxon test, and Chi-square test.\n P<\/jats:italic>\n <0.05 was considered statistically significant.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n \n PaO\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n 5 min after preoxygenation was higher in both groups, the mean (standard deviation) increase, greater in HFNO [376.86 (86.57)] than in SMO group [263.68 (77.39)]. This rise was higher even 1 min after intubation in HFNO group [312.89 (82.87)] versus SMO [215.61 (66.95)]. HFNO group also showed a less incidence of desaturation and a decrease in PaCO\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n [31.73 (5.46)] than in SMO group [35.72 (8.11)].\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n \n Preoxygenation for 5 min by HFNO is superior to facemask as there is an increase in PaO\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n , decreased PaCO\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n , less desaturation, and more comfort to patients undergoing exploratory laparotomy.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ija.ija_622_26","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,18]],"date-time":"2026-07-18T14:00:14Z","timestamp":1784383214000},"page":"836-842","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Preoxygenation with high-flow nasal oxygen versus conventional techniques using anatomical face mask in patients undergoing exploratory laparotomy: A randomised comparative study"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"70","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0401-6029","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ruchi","family":"Kapoor","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, University College of Medical Sciences and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-6394-9551","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yashraj K.","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, University College of Medical Sciences and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0526-6102","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rajesh S.","family":"Rautela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, University College of Medical Sciences and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20260720","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aev371","article-title":"Difficult Airway Society 2015 guidelines for management of unanticipated difficult intubation in adults","volume":"115","author":"Frerk","year":"2015","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"R2-20260720","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2011.10.002","article-title":"Preoxygenation and prevention of desaturation during emergency airway management","volume":"59","author":"Weingart","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"key":"R3-20260720","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2004.01.007","article-title":"The incidence and risk factors for cardiac arrest during emergency tracheal intubation: A justification for incorporating the ASA Guidelines in the remote location","volume":"16","author":"Mort","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Clin Anesth"},{"key":"R4-20260720","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1135","DOI":"10.23736\/S0375-9393.20.14456-0","article-title":"Hands-free induction of general anaesthesia: A randomised pilot study comparing usual care and high-flow nasal oxygen","volume":"86","author":"Tremey","year":"2020","journal-title":"Minerva Anestesiol"},{"key":"R5-20260720","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.14567","article-title":"High-flow nasal oxygen vs. standard flow-rate facemask pre-oxygenation in pregnant patients: A randomised physiological study","volume":"74","author":"Shippam","year":"2019","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"key":"R6-20260720","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1346","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.15853","article-title":"Ease and comfort of pre-oxygenation with high-flow nasal oxygen cannulae vs. facemask: A randomised controlled trial","volume":"77","author":"Merry","year":"2022","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"key":"R7-20260720","first-page":"7","article-title":"Benefits of heated and humidified high flow nasal oxygen for preoxygenation in morbidly obese patients undergoing bariatric surgery: A randomized controlled study","volume":"1","author":"Heinrich","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Obes Bariatrics"},{"key":"R8-20260720","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.14-2871","article-title":"Heated humidified high-flow nasal oxygen in adults: Mechanisms of action and clinical implications","volume":"148","author":"Spoletini","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"R9-20260720","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.201707-548FR","article-title":"High-flow nasal cannula oxygen in adults: An evidence-based assessment","volume":"15","author":"Drake","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Am Thorac Soc"},{"key":"R10-20260720","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2017.11.010","article-title":"High-flow nasal oxygen therapy in intensive care and anaesthesia","volume":"120","author":"Renda","year":"2018","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"R11-20260720","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1397","DOI":"10.4187\/respcare.04028","article-title":"Effect of very-high-flow nasal therapy on airway pressure and end-expiratory lung impedance in healthy volunteers","volume":"60","author":"Parke","year":"2015","journal-title":"Respir Care"},{"key":"R12-20260720","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.4103\/ija.IJA_717_17","article-title":"Effectiveness of transnasal humidified rapid-insufflation ventilatory exchange versus traditional preoxygenation followed by apnoeic oxygenation in delaying desaturation during apnoea: A preliminary study","volume":"62","author":"Joseph","year":"2018","journal-title":"Indian J Anaesth"},{"key":"R13-20260720","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.13799","article-title":"A randomised controlled trial comparing transnasal humidified rapid insufflation ventilatory exchange (THRIVE) pre-oxygenation with facemask pre-oxygenation in patients undergoing rapid sequence induction of anaesthesia","volume":"72","author":"Mir","year":"2017","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"key":"R14-20260720","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2018.08.015","article-title":"High-flow humidified nasal preoxygenation in pregnant women: A prospective observational study","volume":"122","author":"Tan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"R15-20260720","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1177\/0310057X1804600403","article-title":"The use of transnasal humidified rapid-insufflation ventilatory exchange (THRIVE) for pre-oxygenation in neurosurgical patients: A randomised controlled trial","volume":"46","author":"Ng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Anaesth Intensive Care"},{"key":"R16-20260720","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1176","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.15426","article-title":"Pre-oxygenation using high-flow nasal oxygen vs. tight facemask during rapid sequence induction","volume":"76","author":"Sj\u00f6blom","year":"2021","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"key":"R17-20260720","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.14215","article-title":"Transnasal humidified rapid\u2010insufflation ventilatory exchange (THRIVE) vs. facemask breathing pre\u2010oxygenation for rapid sequence induction in adults: A prospective randomised non\u2010blinded clinical trial","volume":"73","author":"Lodenius","year":"2018","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"key":"R18-20260720","first-page":"e43063","article-title":"Transnasal humidified rapid-insufflation ventilatory exchange versus conventional facemask breathing for preoxygenation during rapid sequence induction","volume":"15","author":"Karlupia","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cureus"}],"container-title":["Indian Journal of 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