{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T16:36:23Z","timestamp":1788453383291,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Indian J Anaesth"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018]]},"DOI":"10.4103\/ija.ija_791_17","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,11]],"date-time":"2018-04-11T00:47:59Z","timestamp":1523407679000},"page":"285","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Effects of adding dexamethasone or ketamine to bupivacaine for ultrasound-guided thoracic paravertebral block in patients undergoing modified radical mastectomy: A prospective randomized controlled study"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"62","author":[{"given":"MonaBlough","family":"El Mourad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"AsmaaFawzy","family":"Amer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"key-10.4103\/0019-5049.229812-1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2006.02.007","article-title":"Risk factors for chronic pain following breast cancer surgery: A prospective study","author":"Poleshuck","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Pain"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0019-5049.229812-2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1097\/AAP.0000000000000163","article-title":"Pectoral nerves I and II blocks in multimodal analgesia for breast cancer surgery: A randomized clinical trial","author":"Bashandy","year":"2015","journal-title":"Reg Anesth Pain Med"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0019-5049.229812-3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1093\/bjaceaccp\/mkq029","article-title":"Paravertebral block","author":"Tighe","year":"2010","journal-title":"Contin Educ Anaesth Crit Care Pain"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0019-5049.229812-4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1837","DOI":"10.1213\/01.ANE.0000136775.15566.87","article-title":"Single-injection paravertebral block before general anesthesia enhances analgesia after breast cancer surgery with and without associated lymph node biopsy","author":"Kairaluoma","year":"2004","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0019-5049.229812-5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1097\/MJT.0b013e31822048db","article-title":"Intrathecal bupivacaine in comparison with a combination of nalbuphine and bupivacaine for subarachnoid block: A randomized prospective double-blind clinical study","author":"Tiwari","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Ther"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0019-5049.229812-6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1007\/s00540-015-2123-8","article-title":"Efficacy of dexmedetomidine as an adjuvant in paravertebral block in breast cancer surgery","author":"Mohta","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Anesth"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0019-5049.229812-7","first-page":"1792","article-title":"A comparative study of 0.125% bupivacaine with dexamethsone and clonidine through single space paravertebral block for post-operative analgesia in thoracic and upper abdominal surgeries","author":"Govardhani","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Evid Based Med Healthc"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0019-5049.229812-8","first-page":"S149","article-title":"General anesthesia with thoracic paravertebral block for modified radical mastectomy","author":"Arunakul","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Med Assoc Thai"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0019-5049.229812-9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-4741.2009.00763.x","article-title":"Improved postoperative pain control using thoracic paravertebral block for breast operations","author":"Boughey","year":"2009","journal-title":"Breast J"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0019-5049.229812-10","first-page":"485","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of ketamine added to local anesthetic in modified pectoral block for management of postoperative pain in patients undergoing modified radical mastectomy","author":"Othman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pain Physician"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0019-5049.229812-11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5049.111850","article-title":"Effect of dexamethasone added to lidocaine in supraclavicular brachial plexus block: A prospective, randomised, double-blind study","author":"Biradar","year":"2013","journal-title":"Indian J Anaesth","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0019-5049","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0019-5049.229812-12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.4103\/1658-354X.87267","article-title":"Addition of intrathecal dexamethasone to bupivacaine for spinal anesthesia in orthopedic surgery","author":"Bani-Hashem","year":"2011","journal-title":"Saudi J Anaesth","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/1658-354X","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0019-5049.229812-13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1097\/AAP.0000000000000128","article-title":"Efficacy of ketamine as an adjunct to lidocaine in intravenous regional anesthesia","author":"Abdel-Ghaffar","year":"2014","journal-title":"Reg Anesth Pain Med"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0019-5049.229812-14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1290","DOI":"10.1097\/00000539-200105000-00040","article-title":"Small-dose S(+)-ketamine reduces postoperative pain when applied with ropivacaine in epidural anesthesia for total knee arthroplasty","author":"Himmelseher","year":"2001","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0019-5049.229812-15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e713","DOI":"10.1097\/MJT.0000000000000405","article-title":"Effect of perineural dexamethasone with bupivacaine in single space paravertebral block for postoperative analgesia in elective nephrectomy cases: A Double-blind placebo-controlled trial","author":"Tomar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Ther"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0019-5049.229812-16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aet109","article-title":"IV and perineural dexamethasone are equivalent in increasing the analgesic duration of a single-shot interscalene block with ropivacaine for shoulder surgery: A prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled study","author":"Desmet","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0019-5049.229812-17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.13409","article-title":"Perineural versus intravenous dexamethasone as adjuncts to local anaesthetic brachial plexus block for shoulder surgery","author":"Rosenfeld","year":"2016","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0019-5049.229812-18","first-page":"5","article-title":"Perineural but not systemic low-dose dexamethasone prolongs the duration of interscalene block with ropivacaine: A prospective randomized trial","author":"Kawanishi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Local Reg Anesth"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0019-5049.229812-19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chun EH, Kim YJ, Woo JH. Which is your choice for prolonging the analgesic duration of single-shot interscalene brachial blocks for arthroscopic shoulder surgery? Intravenous dexamethasone 5mg vs. perineural dexamethasone 5mg randomized, controlled, clinical trial. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016;95:e3828.","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000003828"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0019-5049.229812-20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tacc.2014.03.002","article-title":"Ketamine \u2013 More mechanisms of action than just NMDA blockade","author":"Sleigh","year":"2014","journal-title":"Trends Anaesth Crit Care"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0019-5049.229812-21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1186\/s12871-017-0378-3","article-title":"Bilateral thoracic paravertebral block for immediate postoperative pain relief in the PACU: A prospective, observational study","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Anesthesiol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0019-5049.229812-22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"850","DOI":"10.1111\/pme.12320","article-title":"Thoracic paravertebral block for nephrectomy: A randomized, controlled, observer-blinded study","author":"Baik","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pain Med"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0019-5049.229812-23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.14260\/jemds\/217","article-title":"A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial to assess the efficacy of dexamethasone to provide postoperative analgesia after paravertebral block in patients undergoing elective thoracotomy","author":"Bhattacharjee","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Evol Med Dent Sci"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0019-5049.229812-24","first-page":"123","article-title":"Ketamine versus dexamethasone as an adjuvant to local anesthetics in combined sciatic-femoral nerve block for below knee surgeries","author":"Attia","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pain Pract"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0019-5049.229812-25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.egja.2011.04.002","article-title":"Role of ketamine and tramadol as adjuncts to bupivacaine 0.5% in paravertebral block for breast surgery: A randomized double-blind study","author":"Omar","year":"2011","journal-title":"Egypt J Anaesth"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0019-5049.229812-26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/ael020","article-title":"A comparison of the analgesic efficacy and side-effects of paravertebral vs.epidural blockade for thoracotomy \u2013 A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials","author":"Davies","year":"2006","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0019-5049.229812-27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-011-1899-5","article-title":"Paravertebral blocks in breast cancer surgery: Is there a difference in postoperative pain, nausea, and vomiting?","author":"Aufforth","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann Surg Oncol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0019-5049.229812-28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3284","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-014-3923-z","article-title":"Paravertebral blocks in patients undergoing mastectomy with or without immediate reconstruction provides improved pain control and decreased postoperative nausea and vomiting","author":"Fahy","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann Surg Oncol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0019-5049.229812-29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.4103\/ija.IJA_62_17","article-title":"Analgesic efficacy of ultrasound-guided paravertebral block versus serratus plane block for modified radical mastectomy: A randomised, controlled trial","author":"Gupta","year":"2017","journal-title":"Indian J Anaesth","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0019-5049","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0019-5049.229812-30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mulroy MF, Larkin KL, Batra MS, Hodgson PS, Owens BD. Femoral nerve block with 0.25% or 0.5% bupivacaine improves postoperative analgesia following outpatient arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament repair. Reg Anesth Pain Med 2001;26:24-9.","DOI":"10.1097\/00115550-200101000-00007"}],"container-title":["Indian Journal of Anaesthesia"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T14:40:42Z","timestamp":1786632042000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/ija.IJA_791_17"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018]]}},"alternative-id":["229812"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/ija.ija_791_17","relation":{},"ISSN":["0019-5049"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0019-5049","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018]]}}}