{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T11:55:44Z","timestamp":1792151744682,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Aims:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Postoperative pain can impede functional recovery and delay hospital discharge after functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS). The study aimed to assess the efficacy of ultrasound (USG)-guided suprazygomatic maxillary nerve block (SZMNB) for postoperative pain in FESS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Forty-eight adult patients between 18 and 65 years of age with American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I and II and scheduled to undergo FESS were enroled in this randomised controlled study. Patients were randomly allocated to either receive USG-guided SZMNB with general anaesthesia (n = 24) or general anaesthesia alone (n = 24). The numerical rating scale (NRS) pain score in the immediate postoperative period was recorded as the primary outcome. A total of 24 h postoperative rescue analgesic consumption, surgeon satisfaction score, postoperative haemodynamics, and postoperative complications were noted as secondary outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The median (interquartile range) of the NRS pain score in the immediate postoperative period was 0 (0-0.25)[95% confidence interval (CI): 0, 0.08] in the block group compared to 2 (1.75-3) [95% CI: 1.60, 2.40] in the control group,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001]. Pain scores were significantly reduced at all time intervals till 24 h after surgery (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001). None of the patients required rescue analgesia in the block group. In contrast, eight patients required diclofenac 75 mg intravenous as rescue analgesia within 1 h of surgery and ten patients within 1\u20136 h of surgery in the control group. Other secondary outcomes were comparable between groups (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &gt; 0.05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The USG-guided SZMNB provides excellent postoperative analgesia for patients undergoing FESS without significant side effects.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ija.ija_81_24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,2]],"date-time":"2024-07-02T12:27:14Z","timestamp":1719923234000},"page":"706-711","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Evaluation of ultrasound-guided suprazygomatic maxillary nerve block in functional endoscopic sinus surgery for postoperative pain relief: A randomised controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"68","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-9530-1634","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adhip","family":"Neupane","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3085-1802","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Divya","family":"Jain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4691-5877","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Suman","family":"Arora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4991-2708","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Komal","family":"Gandhi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3390-1043","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Varun","family":"Singla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6572-0311","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nitika","family":"Goel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0131-1332","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ramandeep Singh","family":"Virk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4368-8699","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Satyawati","family":"Mohindra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20260506","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1002\/lio2.519","article-title":"Assessment of narcotic use in the management of post-op pain after 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Anaesth"},{"key":"R5-20260506","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1366","DOI":"10.1093\/pm\/pnac007","article-title":"Ultrasound-guided suprazygomatic nerve blocks to the pterygopalatine fossa: A safe procedure","volume":"23","author":"Smith","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pain Med"},{"key":"R6-20260506","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.4103\/2356-9115.195878","article-title":"Evaluation of the efficacy of bilateral sphenopalatine ganglion block in endoscopic sinus surgery under general anesthesia: A randomized prospective controlled trial","volume":"3","author":"Bhattacharyya","year":"2016","journal-title":"Res Opin Anesth Intensive Care"},{"key":"R7-20260506","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599818805673","article-title":"The effect of sphenopalatine block on the postoperative pain of endoscopic sinus surgery: A meta-analysis","volume":"160","author":"Kim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"R8-20260506","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/2152656718821282","article-title":"Effect of sphenopalatine ganglion block with bupivacaine on postoperative pain in patients undergoing endoscopic sinus surgery","volume":"10","author":"Rezaeian","year":"2019","journal-title":"Allergy Rhinol (Providence)"},{"key":"R9-20260506","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1186\/s43163-023-00481-5","article-title":"Bupivacaine improves surgical field and postoperative pain control in endoscopic sinus surgery: A clinical trial","volume":"39","author":"Janakan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Egypt J Otolaryngol"},{"key":"R10-20260506","first-page":"137","article-title":"Comparison ropivacaine and bupivacaine in sphenopalatine ganglion block for postoperative analgesia after functional endoscopic sinus surgery: A randomized controlled trial","volume":"68","author":"Sethi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Anaesthesiol Belgica"},{"key":"R11-20260506","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1007\/s12630-019-01481-x","article-title":"Ultrasound-guided maxillary nerve block: An anatomical study using the suprazygomatic approach","volume":"67","author":"Echaniz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Can J Anaesth"},{"key":"R12-20260506","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1136\/rapm-2022-104068","article-title":"Comparison of the feasibility and safety of infrazygomatic and suprazygomatic approaches to pterygopalatine fossa using virtual reality","volume":"48","author":"Jerman","year":"2023","journal-title":"Reg Anesth Pain Med"}],"container-title":["Indian Journal of 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History"}},{"value":"2024-05-15","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}