{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T17:21:14Z","timestamp":1787764874048,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":8,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"\n Three\n Chlamydia trachomatis<\/jats:italic>\n biovars are recognized-trachoma (serovars A-C), urogenital (serovars D-K), and lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) (serovars L1-L3). Only serovars L1-L3 cause invasive infection with bubo formation. Here, we present an atypical case of\n C. trachomatis<\/jats:italic>\n serotype D with clinical presentation of LVG-unilateral inguinal lymph edema plus bubo formation. A 35-year-old male who have sex with men presented to the clinic with unilateral swollen painful right inguinal lymph nodes forming bubo, accompanied by fever up to 39\u00b0C and malaise. Complete blood count was tested. Urethral sample for DNA extraction and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was taken. Ultrasonography and proctoscopy were performed. Fine-needle aspiration from lymph node was tested for malignant cells and PCR diagnostics. A full STI screen was performed. PCR positive for\n C. trachomatis<\/jats:italic>\n was detected. The exact classification of\n C. trachomatis<\/jats:italic>\n species needed additional genovar-specific\n C. trachomatis<\/jats:italic>\n PCR. Surprisingly genotype D instead of LVG L1-L3 was discovered. Co-infection with\n Mycoplasma genitalium<\/jats:italic>\n was detected. HIV,\n Neisseria gonorrhoeae<\/jats:italic>\n , HSV, and\n Ureaplasma<\/jats:italic>\n spp. were negative. Serology excluded syphilis, HBV, HCV, infectious mononucleosis, toxoplasmosis, and cat scratch disease. Malignant cell formation was ruled out. This case highlights the importance for clinicians to consider atypical and invasive presentations of nonLGV\n C. trachomatis<\/jats:italic>\n genotypes, as reliance on clinical features alone may lead to misclassification, inappropriate management, and delayed targeted therapy.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijabmr.ijabmr_319_25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,21]],"date-time":"2026-02-21T06:00:19Z","timestamp":1771653619000},"page":"72-75","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Atypical Invasive Presentation of Chlamydia trachomatis Genotype D Mimicking Lymphogranuloma Venereum"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Vessela","family":"Raykova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Sofia, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1821","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.15729","article-title":"2019 European guideline on the management of lymphogranuloma venereum","volume":"33","author":"de Vries","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"R2-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)60993-4","article-title":"The emergence of lymphogranuloma venereum in Europe","volume":"374","author":"Vall-Mayans","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"R3-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1586\/14787210.2014.901169","article-title":"Lymphogranuloma venereum among men who have sex with men. An epidemiological and clinical review","volume":"12","author":"de Vrieze","year":"2014","journal-title":"Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther"},{"key":"R5-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5412","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.43.10.5412-5413.2005","article-title":"Molecular diagnosis of lymphogranuloma venereum: PCR-based restriction fragment length polymorphism and real-time PCR","volume":"43","author":"Morr\u00e9","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"R7-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.30574\/wjarr.2022.14.3.0642","article-title":"First confirmed Lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) cases among MSM in Bulgaria, 2020\u20132021","volume":"14","author":"Philipova","year":"2022","journal-title":"World J Adv Res Rev"},{"key":"R8-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.2353\/jmoldx.2007.070011","article-title":"A highly sensitive, multiplex broad-spectrum PCR-DNA-enzyme immunoassay and reverse hybridization assay for rapid detection and identification of Chlamydia trachomatis serovars","volume":"9","author":"Quint","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Mol Diagn"},{"key":"R9-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00045","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00045-11","article-title":"Hypervirulent chlamydia trachomatis clinical strain is a recombinant between lymphogranuloma venereum (L (2)) and D lineages","volume":"2","author":"Somboonna","year":"2011","journal-title":"mBio"},{"key":"R10-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2020-054700","article-title":"Lymphogranuloma venereum genovariants in men having sex with men in Italy","volume":"97","author":"Marangoni","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sex Transm Infect"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Applied & Basic Medical Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/ijabmr.ijabmr_319_25","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T16:49:18Z","timestamp":1787762958000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/ijabmr.ijabmr_319_25"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"references-count":8,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/ijabmr.ijabmr_319_25","relation":{},"ISSN":["2229-516X","2248-9606"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2229-516X","type":"print"},{"value":"2248-9606","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-07-25","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-01-21","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}