{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T04:51:00Z","timestamp":1790398260556,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Pterygium is a common ocular surface disorder characterized by fibrovascular growth onto the cornea. Its pathogenesis is multifactorial, involving chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, and systemic factors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate the associations between pterygium severity and systemic indicators including complete blood count (CBC), lipid profile, and random blood sugar (RBS).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A retrospective observational study was conducted. Records of patients with clinically diagnosed pterygium were reviewed. Sociodemographic, clinical, and laboratory data were analyzed across grades using Kruskal\u2013Wallis, Chi-square, and Spearman correlation tests.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Ninety-eight patients were included. The mean age was 40.8 \u00b1 14.2 years. Grade II was the most common (41.8%), with nasal involvement predominating (88.8%). Most CBC indices did not vary significantly; however, eosinophil counts were lower in Grade IV (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.04). Lipid parameters and RBS showed no significant differences. Hematocrit correlated negatively with disease severity (\u03c1 = \u22120.212,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.03).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>While systemic parameters were largely comparable across grades, advanced pterygium was associated with reduced eosinophil counts and lower hematocrit, suggesting possible systemic inflammatory and oxidative stress mechanisms. Larger prospective studies are needed to validate their role as prognostic markers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijabmr.ijabmr_389_25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,21]],"date-time":"2026-02-21T06:00:13Z","timestamp":1771653613000},"page":"19-25","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Exploring the Link between Hematological Parameters and Ocular Surface Disease: Insights from Pterygium"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Ruchi","family":"Shukla","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raebareli, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pragati","family":"Garg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raebareli, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"family":"Shrinkhal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raebareli, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mukesh","family":"Shukla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raebareli, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aparajita","family":"Shukla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raebareli, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rinkle","family":"Nahar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raebareli, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Swarastra Prakash","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raebareli, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashutosh Kumar","family":"Mishra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raebareli, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nilakshi","family":"Banerjee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raebareli, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"R2-20260420","first-page":"176","article-title":"Correlation between ocular sun exposure and pterygium: A hospital-based study","volume":"47","author":"Mushtaq","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Sci Soc"},{"key":"R3-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2004.02.002","article-title":"Pathogenesis of pterygia: Role of cytokines, growth factors, and matrix metalloproteinases","volume":"23","author":"Di Girolamo","year":"2004","journal-title":"Prog Retin Eye Res"},{"key":"R4-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e195","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.12729","article-title":"Identification of human papillomavirus in pterygium","volume":"94","author":"Hamed-Azzam","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R5-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e82439","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0082439","article-title":"Prevalence and associated factors for pterygium in rural agrarian central India. The central India eye and medical study","volume":"8","author":"Nangia","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"R6-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1509","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2012.02.009","article-title":"Prevalence of and racial differences in pterygium: A multiethnic population study in Asians","volume":"119","author":"Ang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"R7-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"766","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2009.06.006","article-title":"Prevalence and risk factors of pterygium in a Southwestern island of Japan: The kumejima study","volume":"148","author":"Shiroma","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R8-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"828","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-9071.2007.01630.x","article-title":"Pterygium in Tibetans: a population-based study in China","volume":"35","author":"Lu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R9-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1184","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0b013e318151f9c6","article-title":"Prevalence of and factors associated with pterygium in adult Chinese: The Beijing eye study","volume":"26","author":"Ma","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"key":"R10-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5506","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csbj.2023.11.002","article-title":"Genetic evidence implicating circulating lipids and lipid drug targets in pterygium","volume":"21","author":"Cai","year":"2023","journal-title":"Comput Struct Biotechnol J"},{"key":"R11-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e058649","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-058649","article-title":"High HDL-C and high LDL-C are risk factors of pterygium in a population-based cross-sectional study in Southern China: The Dongguan eye study","volume":"12","author":"Zang","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"R12-20260420","first-page":"1","article-title":"The correlation of routine hematological indices with pterygium","volume":"11","author":"Kurtul","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ther Adv Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R13-20260420","first-page":"80","article-title":"Prevalence of diabetes mellitus in patients with pterygium","volume":"2","author":"Eryigit Erogul","year":"2018","journal-title":"EJMI"},{"key":"R14-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.4103\/0301-4738.33829","article-title":"Pterygium-induced corneal refractive changes","volume":"55","author":"Maheshwari","year":"2007","journal-title":"Indian J Ophthalmol"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Applied &amp; Basic Medical Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/ijabmr.ijabmr_389_25","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T16:49:21Z","timestamp":1787762961000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/ijabmr.ijabmr_389_25"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/ijabmr.ijabmr_389_25","relation":{},"ISSN":["2229-516X","2248-9606"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2229-516X","type":"print"},{"value":"2248-9606","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-09-17","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-12-29","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}