{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T17:10:57Z","timestamp":1793121057781,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Standard histopathological parameters such as depth of invasion (DOI), lymphovascular invasion (LVI), and perineural invasion (PNI) are known parameters that can correlate with the prognosis and aggressiveness of oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs). Tumor budding (TB) (\u22645 tumor cells at infiltrating borders) and pattern of invasion (POI) are emerging histopathological parameters that have shown promising results as reliable risk factors in predicting nodal metastasis in early OSCCs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The aim of the study was to assess TB and POI in OSCCs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 33 surgical resection specimens of OSCC, including buccal mucosa and tongue with neck dissection, were selected. TB and POI along with standard parameters such as grade, DOI, LVI, PNI, lymph node status, and pathological staging were evaluated. These parameters were analyzed in comparison with lymph node involvement and pathological stage of the tumor using the Chi-square and Fischer\u2019s exact test. The SPSS software, v21, was used for statistical analyses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Most of OSCC were moderately differentiated tumors (63.64%). TB was present in 23 cases, in which 69.57% of cases showed low TB (&lt;5 buds), while 30.43% of cases had higher TB (&gt;5 buds). The worst POI (Patterns 4 and 5) was seen in 75.76% of cases. TB, POI, grade, PNI, DOI, and stromal pattern were significantly associated with the pathological stage of the tumor.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>TB and POI are important and reliable in histopathological parameters in OSCCs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijabmr.ijabmr_391_23","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,20]],"date-time":"2024-02-20T09:00:08Z","timestamp":1708419608000},"page":"29-34","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Relevance of Tumor Budding and Pattern of Invasion in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Nikhil Sanjay","family":"Deshpande","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Dr. BVP Rural Medical College, Pravara Institute of Medical Sciences (DU), Ahmednagar, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anil B.","family":"Munemane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Dr. BVP Rural Medical College, Pravara Institute of Medical Sciences (DU), Ahmednagar, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ravindra Raosaheb","family":"Karle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Dr. BVP Rural Medical College, Pravara Institute of Medical Sciences (DU), Ahmednagar, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suryakant Dattatreya","family":"Dongre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Dr. BVP Rural Medical College, Pravara Institute of Medical Sciences (DU), Ahmednagar, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20240902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21660","article-title":"Global cancer statistics 2020:GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries","volume":"71","author":"Sung","year":"2021","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin"},{"key":"R2-20240902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0714.2011.01041.x","article-title":"Tumor budding correlates with poor prognosis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in tongue squamous cell carcinoma","volume":"40","author":"Wang","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Oral Pathol Med"},{"key":"R3-20240902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E112","DOI":"10.1177\/0145561319848669","article-title":"Tumor budding and worse pattern of invasion can predict nodal metastasis in oral cancers and associated with poor survival in early-stage tumors","volume":"98","author":"Chatterjee","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ear Nose Throat J"},{"key":"R4-20240902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1299","DOI":"10.1038\/modpathol.2017.46","article-title":"Recommendations for reporting tumor budding in colorectal cancer based on the international tumor budding consensus conference (ITBCC) 2016","volume":"30","author":"Lugli","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mod Pathol"},{"key":"R5-20240902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1111\/his.12754","article-title":"Reproducibility and prognostic value of pattern of invasion scoring in low-stage oral squamous cell carcinoma","volume":"68","author":"Heerema","year":"2016","journal-title":"Histopathology"},{"key":"R6-20240902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0b013e3181d95c37","article-title":"Validation of the histologic risk model in a new cohort of patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma","volume":"34","author":"Brandwein-Gensler","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"R7-20240902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.23380","article-title":"Depth of invasion, tumor budding, and worst pattern of invasion:Prognostic indicators in early-stage oral tongue cancer","volume":"36","author":"Almangush","year":"2014","journal-title":"Head Neck"},{"key":"R8-20240902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1066","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.2015.287","article-title":"The relationship between tumour budding, the tumour microenvironment and survival in patients with invasive ductal breast cancer","volume":"113","author":"Gujam","year":"2015","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"key":"R9-20240902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19890201)63:3<539::AID-CNCR2820630323>3.0.CO;2-S","article-title":"An index for estimating the probability of lymph node metastasis in rectal cancers. 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