{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T06:50:53Z","timestamp":1792392653883,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Blood transfusion has an essential role in the resuscitation and management of patients undergoing surgical procedures. However, instances of incongruous blood ordering and usage have been reported worldwide, requiring an assessment of blood ordering patterns and addressing the gaps between requisition and utilization through programs such as Maximum Surgical Blood Ordering Schedule (MSBOS).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To estimate blood utilization, design a blood ordering schedule as a guide to normal transfusion needs for common elective surgeries and analyze the specialty-wise difference in blood transfusion indices.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>An observational and cross-sectional study was undertaken for 12 months. Fifty-two elective surgeries across eight different surgical specialties were analyzed, including Urology, Cardiothoracic Surgery, Gastrosurgery, Pediatric Surgery, Oncosurgery, Orthopedics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Otorhinolaryngology. Blood utilization indices \u2013 Cross-match to Transfusion Ratio (CTR), transfusion probability (%T), Transfusion Index, Blood Utilization%, NonUsage Probability, and Blood Ordering Quotient (BOQ) were calculated against standard blood usage to formulate the MSBOS using the Mead\u2019s criteria.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>For 882 patients, 1160 packed red blood cells units were requested and cross-matched. Five hundred and seventy-four units were transfused. The nonutilization of 586 units (51%) suggested an indiscriminate ordering of blood. The nonusage of units cross-matched ranged from 27% to 100% in different specialties. The overall %T was 48.64%, varying from 13.23% in urological surgeries to 88.89% in cardiothoracic surgeries. The CTR ranged from 1.37 to 7.38, TI from 0 to 2.03, and BOQ from 0.92 to 1.36 in different specialties.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Rationalizing blood usage is essential. Developing an MSBOS based on the findings would enhance the efficiency of blood utilization in elective surgeries.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijabmr.ijabmr_89_25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,20]],"date-time":"2025-08-20T20:01:29Z","timestamp":1755720089000},"page":"163-170","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Estimation of Blood Utilization in Elective Surgeries to Formulate Maximum Surgical Blood Ordering Schedule for a Tertiary Care Center in North India"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Tamanna","family":"Kalra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Adesh Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Bathinda, Punjab, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saurabh","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery, Adesh Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Bathinda, Punjab, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anshul","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Adesh Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Bathinda, Punjab, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nidhi","family":"Bansal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Adesh Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Bathinda, Punjab, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yadwinder","family":"Kaur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Adesh Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Bathinda, Punjab, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shiny","family":"Kajal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Adesh Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Bathinda, Punjab, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20250821","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800720210","article-title":"Increased efficiency of transfusion practice in routine surgery using pre-operative antibody screening and selective ordering with an abbreviated crossmatch","volume":"72","author":"Dodsworth","year":"1985","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"R2-20250821","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-2700.102391","article-title":"Maximum surgical blood ordering schedule in a tertiary trauma center in 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Ethiopia","volume":"2013","author":"Belayneh","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Blood Transfus"},{"key":"R7-20250821","first-page":"95","article-title":"Determining model for maximum blood request (MSBOS) for surgery: An elective surgery in Imam Ali Hospital, Zahedan, Iran","volume":"13","author":"Hashemi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Hematol Oncol Stem Cell Res"},{"key":"R8-20250821","first-page":"71","article-title":"The analysis of surgical blood order protocol","volume":"43","author":"Kozarzewska","year":"2011","journal-title":"Anestezjol Intens Ter"},{"key":"R9-20250821","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5049.198395","article-title":"A retrospective study of transfusion practices in a Tertiary Care Institute","volume":"61","author":"Raghuwanshi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Indian J Anaesth"},{"key":"R10-20250821","first-page":"21","article-title":"Proposed maximum surgical blood ordering schedule for common orthopedic surgeries in a Tertiary Health \u2013 Care Center in Northern India","volume":"5","author":"Kumari","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Orthop Allied Sci"},{"key":"R11-20250821","first-page":"28","article-title":"Maximum surgical blood order schedule in a newly set-up tertiary care hospital","volume":"17","author":"Thabah","year":"2013","journal-title":"Anaesth Pain Intensive Care"},{"key":"R12-20250821","first-page":"27","article-title":"Blood requisition and utilization practice in surgical patients in a teaching hospital, Western Nepal","volume":"14","author":"Karki","year":"2016","journal-title":"Kathmandu Univ Med J"},{"key":"R13-20250821","first-page":"683","article-title":"Blood utilization for elective surgeries at Main University Hospital in Alexandria","volume":"7","author":"Ibrahim","year":"2011","journal-title":"Egypt J Am Sci"},{"key":"R14-20250821","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.4103\/2455-8893.189843","article-title":"Blood utilization practices in elective surgical patients in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Uttarakhand","volume":"1","author":"Kuchhal","year":"2016","journal-title":"Glob J Transfus Med"},{"key":"R15-20250821","first-page":"14","article-title":"A study of blood requisition and transfusion practice in surgery at Bir Hospital","volume":"9","author":"Basnet","year":"2009","journal-title":"Postgrad Med J NAMS"},{"key":"R16-20250821","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0267449","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0267449","article-title":"Blood utilization and quality indicators at a university hospital in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia","volume":"17","author":"Shash","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"R17-20250821","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.4103\/gjtm.gjtm_55_22","article-title":"A study to formulate maximum surgical blood order schedule at a tertiary care referral teaching institute in Andhra Pradesh","volume":"7","author":"Sandhya","year":"2022","journal-title":"Glob J Transfus Med"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Applied &amp; Basic Medical 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