{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T05:36:35Z","timestamp":1793424995152,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To study the prevalence, subtypes, and risk markers for the development of gonadal germ cell tumors (GCT\u2019s) among disorders of sexual differentiation (DSD) patients with the Y chromosome.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Method:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Design: A retrospective review of the patient\u2019s case records from 2010 to 2020 in Government Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram, India was studied. The study participants included 54 subjects with DSD containing the Y chromosome. Demographic data, external masculinization scoring, associated congenital anomalies, karyotyping, intraoperative findings such as gonadal location and internal genital ducts, histopathology of the resected gonads, and its immunohistochemistry were collected. The prevalence of gonadal GCT\u2019s was estimated from paraffin-embedded gonadectomy samples (S = 82).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The median age of occurrence of gonadal GCT\u2019s was 18 years. The prevalence of malignant gonadal GCT\u2019s was highest among the PAIS group (19.2%) followed by gonadal dysgenesis (15.8% each in MGD and CGD) and least among CAIS (7.7%) (p &lt; 0.01). The most common type of malignant gonadal GCT\u2019s in the descending order of frequency was dysgerminoma, seminoma, mixed GCT, and yolk sac tumor. Multivariance logistic analysis showed post-puberty and the presence of congenital anomalies were associated with the occurrence of gonadal GCT\u2019s (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P &lt;<\/jats:italic>\n                      0.01).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The overall prevalence of gonadal GCT\u2019s (malignant and premalignant) among DSD with Y chromosomes is nearly 25%. Dysgerminoma is the most common malignant gonadal GCT\u2019s. Age at or above 18 years and the presence of congenital anomalies like renal agenesis, retroperitoneal vascular defects, and congenital diaphragmatic hernia were independent risk markers for the development of gonadal GCT\u2019s.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijc.ijc_1218_20","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,11]],"date-time":"2023-12-11T07:00:26Z","timestamp":1702278026000},"page":"464-474","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Prevalence, distribution, and risk markers for the development of gonadal germ cell tumors in patients with certain types of disorders of sexual differentiation with Y chromosome \u2013 A retrospective study"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"60","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2874-5306","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Darvin V","family":"Das","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Government Medical College, Thiruvanathapuram, Kerala, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6382-2798","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"PK","family":"Jabbar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Government Medical College, Thiruvanathapuram, Kerala, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4090-4720","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ramesh","family":"Gomez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Government Medical College, Thiruvanathapuram, Kerala, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4426-5580","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bindu","family":"Nambisan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Government Medical College, Thiruvanathapuram, Kerala, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-1098-6810","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"MS","family":"Bhuvitha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Government Medical College, Thiruvanathapuram, Kerala, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6776-1582","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abilash","family":"Nair","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Government Medical College, Thiruvanathapuram, Kerala, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1811-9769","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C","family":"Jayakumari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Government Medical College, Thiruvanathapuram, Kerala, 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