{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T17:19:39Z","timestamp":1788542379166,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Lymphedema is a chronic, progressive condition affecting 90\u2013250 million people worldwide, with women being more frequently impacted. Individuals who undergo mastectomy are at increased risk of developing upper limb lymphedema, leading to swelling, pain, discomfort, and functional limitations. Therefore, it is essential to explore effective strategies for its management.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This quasi-experimental study included 20 subjects aged 40\u201355 years with unilateral post-mastectomy lymphedema. Demographic and clinical information was collected through interviews and verified using previous medical records. Subjects were randomly assigned to two groups: Group A (n = 10) received low-intensity resistance training with a compression garment, and Group B (n = 10) received manual lymphatic drainage with compression bandaging. Upper limb volume was measured using circumference measurements with the truncated cone formula; upper limb function was assessed using the Disability of Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) questionnaire; and shoulder pain was evaluated using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Both groups participated in three sessions per week for 8 weeks, after which all outcome measures were reassessed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Both groups showed significant within-group improvements in upper limb volume, upper limb function, and shoulder pain. However, between-group comparisons indicated that Group A demonstrated significantly greater improvement (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.05) across all outcome measures, including circumference measurements, DASH, and VAS scores.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Both low-intensity resistance training with compression garments and manual lymphatic drainage with compression bandaging were effective in reducing upper-limb volume, enhancing function, and decreasing shoulder pain. However, the resistance-training protocol resulted in superior overall outcomes compared to manual lymphatic drainage.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijc.ijc_91_25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T06:00:29Z","timestamp":1781071229000},"page":"28-34","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Low-intensity resistance training versus manual lymphatic drainage: Effect on upper limb volume, upper limb function, and shoulder pain in subjects with post-mastectomy lymphedema"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"63","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-1167-0608","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohit","family":"Kumar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University College of Physiotherapy, Baba Farid University of Health Sciences, Faridkot, Punjab, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6737-7617","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sandeep","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University College of Physiotherapy, Baba Farid University of Health Sciences, Faridkot, Punjab, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-7587-8068","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Smati","family":"Sambyal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University College of Physiotherapy, Baba Farid University of Health Sciences, Faridkot, Punjab, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-3781-6580","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mitali","family":"Raj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University College of Physiotherapy, Baba Farid University of Health Sciences, Faridkot, Punjab, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-3500-1045","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shivam","family":"Monga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiotherapy, Dashmesh College of Physiotherapy, Faridkot, Punjab, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20260904","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1089\/lrb.2017.0061","article-title":"Complex decongestive therapy enhances upper limb functions in patients with breast cancer-related lymphedema","volume":"16","author":"Sezgin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lymphat Res Biol"},{"key":"R2-20260904","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1159\/000509672","article-title":"Assessment of muscle strength and volume changes in patients with breast cancer-related lymphedema","volume":"43","author":"Baklaci","year":"2020","journal-title":"Oncol Res Treat"},{"key":"R3-20260904","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejon.2014.06.010","article-title":"Complex decongestive therapy and taping for patients with postmastectomy lymphedema: A randomized controlled study","volume":"18","author":"Pekyava\u015f","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur J Oncol Nurs"},{"key":"R4-20260904","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soncn.2012.11.004","article-title":"Complete decongestive therapy for treatment of lymphedema","volume":"29","author":"Lasinski","year":"2013","journal-title":"Semin Oncol Nurs"},{"key":"R5-20260904","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18103\/mra.v10i10.3245","article-title":"Breast cancer-related lymphedema: A review of management and innovative surgical techniques","volume":"10","author":"Newsom","year":"2022","journal-title":"Med Res Arch"},{"key":"R7-20260904","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1200\/JOP.18.00141","article-title":"Identification and management of lymphedema in patients with breast cancer","volume":"15","author":"Tandra","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Oncol Pract"},{"key":"R8-20260904","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.5306\/wjco.v5.i3.241","article-title":"Breast cancer-related lymphedema: Symptoms, diagnosis, risk reduction, and management","volume":"5","author":"Fu","year":"2014","journal-title":"World J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"R9-20260904","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2407-6-273","article-title":"Progressive resistance training and stretching following surgery for breast cancer: Study protocol for a randomised controlled trial","volume":"6","author":"Kilbreath","year":"2006","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"key":"R10-20260904","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1007\/s12609-020-00376-x","article-title":"Psychosocial issues associated with breast cancer-related lymphedema: A literature review","volume":"12","author":"Eaton","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr Breast Cancer Rep"},{"key":"R11-20260904","first-page":"2085","article-title":"Lymphedema in survivors of breast cancer (Review)","volume":"19","author":"He","year":"2020","journal-title":"Oncol Lett"},{"key":"R12-20260904","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1534735419847276","DOI":"10.1177\/1534735419847276","article-title":"Comparative study between the effects of kinesio taping and pressure garment on secondary upper extremity lymphedema and quality of life following mastectomy: A randomized controlled trial","volume":"18","author":"Tantawy","year":"2019","journal-title":"Integr Cancer Ther"},{"key":"R13-20260904","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1007\/s12032-024-02421-6","article-title":"Effectiveness of complete decongestive therapy for upper extremity breast cancer-related lymphedema: A review of systematic reviews","volume":"41","author":"Gilchrist","year":"2024","journal-title":"Med Oncol"},{"key":"R14-20260904","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-017-3852-x","article-title":"Low level laser therapy (Photobiomodulation therapy) for breast cancer-related lymphedema: A systematic review","volume":"17","author":"Baxter","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"key":"R15-20260904","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.5606\/tftrd.2019.3126","article-title":"The addition of self-lymphatic drainage to compression therapy instead of manual lymphatic drainage in the first phase of complex decongestive therapy for treatment of breast cancer-related lymphedema: A randomized-controlled, prospective study","volume":"65","author":"Bahtiyarca","year":"2019","journal-title":"Turkish J Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"R16-20260904","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1367","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers16071367","article-title":"The effect of exercise on reducing lymphedema severity in breast cancer survivors","volume":"16","author":"Lian","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"key":"R17-20260904","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-042018","article-title":"Impact of a compression garment, on top of the usual care, in patients with breast cancer with early disturbance of the lymphatic transport: Protocol of a randomised controlled trial","volume":"10","author":"Thomis","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"R18-20260904","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.23736\/S1973-9087.22.07698-5","article-title":"The effect of myofascial release in patients with breast cancer-related lymphedema: A cross-over randomized controlled trial","volume":"59","author":"Kim","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur J Phys Rehabil Med"},{"key":"R19-20260904","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2474-9-114","article-title":"The disabilities of the arm, shoulder and hand questionnaire (DASH) can measure the impairment, activity limitations and participation restriction constructs from the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF)","volume":"9","author":"Dixon","year":"2008","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"key":"R20-20260904","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1179\/108331905X55776","article-title":"Visual analogue scale, numeric pain rating scale and the McGill pain Questionnaire: An overview of psychometric properties","volume":"10","author":"Kahl","year":"2005","journal-title":"Phys Ther Rev"},{"key":"R21-20260904","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1101","DOI":"10.1007\/s13187-019-01564-9","article-title":"Low-intensity resistance training and compression garment in the management of breast cancer\u2013related lymphedema: Single-blinded randomized controlled trial","volume":"35","author":"Omar","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Cancer Educ"},{"key":"R22-20260904","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.5455\/jcmr.2021.12.04.27","article-title":"Vodder manual lymphatic drainage versus casley-smith manual lymphatic drainage on lymphedema post mastectomy","volume":"12","author":"EH","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Complement Med Res"},{"key":"R23-20260904","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e270","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clbc.2021.08.005","article-title":"Combined complete decongestive therapy reduces volume and improves quality of life and functional status in patients with breast cancer-related lymphedema","volume":"22","author":"Borman","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Breast Cancer"},{"key":"R24-20260904","first-page":"8","article-title":"Resistance training in patients with secondary lymphoedema: Does it have any effect on functional and quality of life measures?","volume":"18","author":"Damato","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Lymphoedema"},{"key":"R25-20260904","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.21608\/mnj.2022.295619","article-title":"Effect of compression garment and low intensity exercise on upper limb function and lymphedema among post-mastectomy women: A quasiexperimental two arm study","volume":"9","author":"Adel","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mansoura Nurs J"},{"key":"R26-20260904","first-page":"16","article-title":"Effectiveness of exercise and compression garments in the treatment of breast cancer related lymphedema","volume":"53","author":"Irdesel","year":"2007","journal-title":"Turk J Phys Med Rehab"},{"key":"R27-20260904","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1159\/000487428","article-title":"Does exercise have a preventive effect on secondary lymphedema in breast cancer patients following local treatment?-A systematic review","volume":"13","author":"Baumann","year":"2018","journal-title":"Breast Care"},{"key":"R28-20260904","first-page":"3593","article-title":"Resistance exercise and breast cancer\u2013related lymphedema\u2014A systematic review update and meta-analysis","volume":"28","author":"Hasenoehrl","year":"2020","journal-title":"Support Care Cancer"},{"key":"R29-20260904","first-page":"167","article-title":"Low intensity resistance exercise for breast cancer patients with arm lymphedema with or without compression sleeve","volume":"38","author":"Johansson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lymphology"},{"key":"R30-20260904","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4396","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2006.08.2024","article-title":"Effects of aerobic and resistance exercise in breast cancer patients receiving adjuvant chemotherapy: A multicenter randomized controlled trial","volume":"25","author":"Courneya","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"R31-20260904","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1089\/lrb.2012.0002","article-title":"Comparison of intermittent pneumatic compression with manual lymphatic drainage for treatment of breast cancer-related lymphedema","volume":"10","author":"Gurdal","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lymphat Res Biol"},{"key":"R32-20260904","first-page":"CD003475","article-title":"Manual lymphatic drainage for lymphedema following breast cancer treatment","volume":"2015","author":"Ezzo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"R33-20260904","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7819-11-15","article-title":"Effects of manual lymphatic drainage on breast cancer-related lymphedema: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"11","author":"Huang","year":"2013","journal-title":"World J Surg Oncol"},{"key":"R34-20260904","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e23192","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000023192","article-title":"Manual lymphatic drainage for lymphedema in patients after breast cancer surgery","volume":"99","author":"Liang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"R35-20260904","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0810118","article-title":"Weight lifting in women with breast- cancer\u2013related lymphedema","volume":"361","author":"Schmitz","year":"2009","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R36-20260904","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1844","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2010.09.008","article-title":"Effect of active resistive exercise on breast cancerrelated lymphedema: A randomized controlled trial","volume":"91","author":"Kim","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"R37-20260904","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1261","DOI":"10.1682\/JRRD.2010.05.0089","article-title":"Effect of home-based exercise program on lymphedema and quality of life in female postmastectomy patients: Pre-post intervention study","volume":"48","author":"Gautam","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Rehabil Res Dev"},{"key":"R38-20260904","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1089\/lrb.2015.0021","article-title":"Ultrasonographic evaluation of the effects of progressive resistive exercise in breast cancer-related lymphedema","volume":"14","author":"Bok","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lymphat Res Biol"},{"key":"R39-20260904","first-page":"188","article-title":"Efficacy of manual lymphatic drainage in preventing secondary lymphedema after breast cancer surgery","volume":"45","author":"Devoogdt","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lymphology"}],"container-title":["Indian Journal of Cancer"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/ijc.ijc_91_25","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T17:02:31Z","timestamp":1788541351000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/ijc.ijc_91_25"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/ijc.ijc_91_25","relation":{},"ISSN":["0019-509X","1998-4774"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0019-509X","type":"print"},{"value":"1998-4774","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-12-02","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-03-10","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}