{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T06:40:23Z","timestamp":1789800023723,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"Suppl 2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Self-care plays a significant role in managing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), particularly in rural settings. This cross-sectional study assessed the association between self-care behaviors and glycemic control among 142 T2DM patients at a rural healthcare facility in Karnataka. Data were collected using the diabetes self-care questionnaire (DSMQ) from March to April 2023. The mean age of participants was 55.3 \u00b1 12.9 years, and the median duration of diabetes was 4 years. Chronic complications were reported in 74.6%, with foot and leg issues being the most common. The median blood sugar level was 208.5 mg\/dl. Only 24.5% achieved optimal glucose management. Medication adherence was observed in 68.3%, with sulfonylureas (82.7%) and biguanides (56.3%) being the most commonly used drugs. Poor glycemic control was significantly associated with age &gt;50 years and self-reported obesity. The findings highlight the need for targeted interventions to improve self-care, especially among older and overweight individuals, to achieve better glycemic outcomes in rural communities.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijcm.ijcm_103_25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T16:04:43Z","timestamp":1778083483000},"page":"S401-S404","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Self-Care Practices and Their Association with Glycemic Indices among Patients with Diabetes Mellitus Attending a rural Health Care Facility in Karnataka"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"P Monisha","family":"Mary","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Medicine, KS Hegde Medical Academy, Mangalore, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ankeeta Menona","family":"Jacob","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Medicine, KS Hegde Medical Academy, Mangalore, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Avinash K","family":"Shetty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wake Forest University School of Medicine, US"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"R2-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1791","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics15071791","article-title":"Impact of intensive glycemic treatment on diabetes complications\u2014A systematic review","volume":"15","author":"Poonoosamy","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"key":"R3-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1097\/ANS.0000000000000237","article-title":"Integrating symptoms into the middle-range theory of self-care of chronic illness","volume":"42","author":"Riegel","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adv Nurs Sci"},{"key":"R4-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"04056","DOI":"10.7189\/jogh.12.04056","article-title":"Self-care behaviours among people with type 2 diabetes mellitus in South Asia: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"12","author":"Paudel","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Glob Health"},{"key":"R5-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7525-11-138","article-title":"The diabetes self-management questionnaire (DSMQ): Development and evaluation of an instrument to assess diabetes self-care activities associated with glycaemic control","volume":"11","author":"Schmitt","year":"2013","journal-title":"Health Qual Life Outcomes"},{"key":"R6-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1324","DOI":"10.14260\/jemds\/2021\/279","article-title":"Assessment of self-care activities using diabetes self- management questionnaire (DSMQ) amongst diabetes patients attending a rural health training centre in Lucknow","volume":"10","author":"Khan","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Evol Med Dent Sci"},{"key":"R7-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e022221191731","DOI":"10.2174\/1573399817666210223114010","article-title":"Are our diabetic patients adherent to the treatment?","volume":"17","author":"Kumar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr Diabetes Rev"},{"key":"R8-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6451","DOI":"10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_851_22","article-title":"Barriers and facilitators of providing standard of care diabetes management at primary care level in geriatric population","volume":"11","author":"Kumar","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Family Med Prim Care"},{"key":"R9-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1439","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-024-18885-0","article-title":"Does integrated health management within a county medical consortium improve rural type 2 diabetic patients\u2019 self-management behavior and quality of life? An empirical analysis from Eastern China","volume":"24","author":"Peng","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"R10-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1177\/0253717620932250","article-title":"Efficacy of a brief self-management intervention in type 2 diabetes mellitus: A randomized controlled trial from India","volume":"42","author":"Abraham","year":"2020","journal-title":"Indian J Psychol Med"},{"key":"R11-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23198","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-72981-0","article-title":"Association between self-care activities and glycemic control among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Northwest Ethiopia general hospitals: A multicenter cross-sectional study","volume":"14","author":"Wondm","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"R12-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.5603\/cd.98550","article-title":"Self-care management and glycemic control among patients with type 2 diabetes in Bahrain: A cross-sectional study","volume":"13","author":"Ubaidi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin Diabetol"},{"key":"R13-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3323","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-025-24652-6","article-title":"Family-centered training and counselling for enhancing foot self-care knowledge and practices towards prevention of diabetes foot-A randomized controlled trial in urban Jodhpur","volume":"25","author":"Radhakrishnan","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.4103\/ijcm.ijcm_809_26","type":"correction","label":"Correction","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000}}],"container-title":["Indian Journal of Community Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/ijcm.ijcm_103_25","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T16:25:33Z","timestamp":1786724733000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/ijcm.ijcm_103_25"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"Suppl 2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/ijcm.ijcm_103_25","relation":{},"ISSN":["0970-0218","1998-3581"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0970-0218","type":"print"},{"value":"1998-3581","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-02-16","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-02-13","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}