{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T13:36:26Z","timestamp":1786628186902,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The Electronic Vaccine Intelligence Network (eVIN) was introduced in India to strengthen vaccine logistics through digitization and real-time stock and temperature monitoring. The present study assessed the cold chain infrastructure and vaccine logistics before and after eVIN implementation at cold chain points (CCPs) in Indore district.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Material and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A pre\u2013post observational study was conducted at all functional CCPs of Indore district. Post-eVIN assessment (2020\u20132021) included 40 CCPs, while pre-eVIN data (2014\u20132015) from 36 CCPs were obtained from program records. A census approach was used. Data were collected using standardized supportive supervision checklists and secondary databases. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and expressed as frequencies and percentages.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Higher compliance was observed in various cold chain parameters in post-eVIN period. Most cold chain equipment were functional during assessment. Availability of functional power back-up increased from 22.2% to 72.5%. CCPs maintaining updated stock and distribution registers increased from 72.2% to 100%. The presence of functional thermometers increased from 83.3% to 90%. Real-time web-based documentation was implemented at all CCPs post-eVIN. Adequate infrastructure and compliance with vaccine storage norms were observed at most facilities. However, gaps persisted in stabilizer availability, ice-pack conditioning practices, and vaccine transport logistics, with no CCP having a dedicated vaccine van or trained driver.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Better compliance in cold chain infrastructure, vaccine logistics, and documentation practices was observed after eVIN implementation. However, gaps in stabilizer availability, ice-pack conditioning, and vaccine transport logistics require targeted programmatic action to sustain improvements in routine immunization services.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijcm.ijcm_444_25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T07:00:07Z","timestamp":1786604407000},"page":"680-685","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Assessment of Cold Chain Infrastructure and Vaccine Logistics Before and After eVIN Implementation at Cold Chain Points in Indore District: An Observational Study (2014\u20132021)"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"Sana","family":"Afrin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Medicine, Mahatma Gandhi Memorial Medical College, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India"},{"name":"Department of Community Medicine, Sri Aurobindo Medical College and Post Graduate Institute, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Satish","family":"Saroshe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Medicine, Mahatma Gandhi Memorial Medical College, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dolly","family":"Mantri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Medicine, Mahatma Gandhi Memorial Medical College, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India"},{"name":"Department of Community Medicine, Sri Aurobindo Medical College and Post Graduate Institute, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shivam","family":"Dixit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Medicine, Mahatma Gandhi Memorial Medical College, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20260813","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.24248\/eahrj.v8i1.755","article-title":"Knowledge, attitude, and practice towards child immunisation among mothers attending Magu District Hospital, Mwanza","volume":"8","author":"Ndaki","year":"2024","journal-title":"East Afr Health Res J"},{"key":"R2-20260813","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1251775","DOI":"10.3389\/frhs.2023.1251775","article-title":"Immunization as an entry point for primary health care and beyond healthcare interventions\u2014process and insights from an integrated approach in Lebanon","volume":"3","author":"Kapuria","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Health Serv"},{"key":"R3-20260813","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5298","DOI":"10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_22_22","article-title":"Strengthening the immunization supply chain through EVM 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Pradesh","volume":"6","author":"Gupta","year":"2015","journal-title":"Natl J Community Med"},{"key":"R15-20260813","first-page":"1395","article-title":"Evaluation of vaccine cold chain in urban health centers of Municipal Corporation of Surat city, western India","volume":"4","author":"Naik","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Prev Med"},{"key":"R16-20260813","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4826","DOI":"10.18203\/2394-6040.ijcmph20184578","article-title":"A cross sectional study to assess the functioning of cold chain in a tribal district of central India","volume":"5","author":"Chourasiya","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Community Med Public Health"},{"key":"R17-20260813","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2130","DOI":"10.5455\/ijmsph.2016.05032016432","article-title":"Study of cold chain management system at Urban Primary Health Centers (UPHCs) of Vadodara city in Western India","volume":"5","author":"Mehta","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Med Sci Public Health"},{"key":"R18-20260813","first-page":"43","article-title":"Assessment of cold chain maintenance for routine immunization in Jamnagar district, Gujarat","volume":"7","author":"Patel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Med Sci Public Health"},{"key":"R19-20260813","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.18203\/2394-6040.ijcmph20170260","article-title":"Evaluation of cold chain and logistics management practice in Durg district of Chhattisgarh: Pointer from Central India","volume":"4","author":"Sinha","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Community Med Public Health"},{"key":"R20-20260813","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0241369","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0241369","article-title":"Programmatic assessment of electronic Vaccine Intelligence Network (eVIN)","volume":"15","author":"Gurnani","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"R21-20260813","first-page":"33","article-title":"Electronic Vaccine Intelligence Network (eVIN): Are cold chain handlers supporting this m health? An Application of Kurt Lewin theory of change management","volume":"3","author":"Kumar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Health Syst Implement Res"},{"key":"R22-20260813","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.4103\/ijph.IJPH_457_18","article-title":"Assessment of cold chain equipments and their management in government health facilities in a district of Delhi: A cross-sectional descriptive study","volume":"64","author":"Kumar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Indian J Public Health"}],"container-title":["Indian Journal of Community Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/ijcm.ijcm_444_25","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T12:59:26Z","timestamp":1786625966000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/ijcm.ijcm_444_25"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/ijcm.ijcm_444_25","relation":{},"ISSN":["0970-0218","1998-3581"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0970-0218","type":"print"},{"value":"1998-3581","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-06-17","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-06-15","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}