{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T16:43:39Z","timestamp":1786725819030,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"Suppl 2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>India accounts for 20% of the worldwide deaths due to alcohol use, and alcohol use among adolescents and young adults is on the rise. In May 2025, the Government of India negotiated Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) with the United Kingdom (UK), the European Union (EU) and a proposed agreement with the United States of America (USA), stipulating sweeping reduction in alcohol tariffs. This paper reviews the public health implications of such reduced tariffs under the FTAs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Existing evidence on the public health burden of alcohol use, along with the World Health Organization (WHO) and Government of India policies on alcohol control, and published information on the proposed FTAs, is reviewed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Result:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>No level of alcohol consumption is safe. Alcohol use disorder affects roughly 9% of Indian men. Extensive legal and constitutional safeguards are available for alcohol control in India. Taxation is one of the most cost-effective interventions to reduce alcohol-related harm. Reduction in alcohol tariffs proposed under the recent FTAs is inconsistent with Sustainable Development Goal 3, WHO policy guidelines, and national legal and constitutional framework for public health and alcohol control.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Given the public health burden of alcohol use and India\u2019s commitment to domestic and international alcohol control policies, it must keep cheap imports of alcohol out of the FTAs with the UK, the EU, and the USA.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijcm.ijcm_579_25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T16:04:46Z","timestamp":1778083486000},"page":"S405-S408","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["India\u2019s Recent Free Trade Agreements and Alcohol Control: Implications for Public Health and SDG Commitments"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"Nisha","family":"Yadav","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Law, Christ (Deemed to be University) NCR Campus, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"R3-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2019.04.005","article-title":"Health impact and economic burden of alcohol consumption in India","volume":"69","author":"Jyani","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Drug Policy"},{"key":"R10-20260507","article-title":"Convention on Psychotropic Substances","year":"1971","journal-title":"United Nations Treaty Collection"},{"key":"R11-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e167","DOI":"10.1016\/S2665-9913(23)00073-5","article-title":"Alcohol and Health: All, None, or Somewhere in-between?","volume":"5","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Rheumatol"},{"key":"R13-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2486","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMsr2306723","article-title":"The IARC perspective on alcohol reduction or cessation and cancer risk","volume":"389","author":"Gapstur","year":"2023","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R14-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1071","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(21)00279-5","article-title":"Global burden of cancer in 2020 attributable to alcohol consumption: A population-based study","volume":"22","author":"Rumgay","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"R15-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e6","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(22)00317-6","article-title":"Health and cancer risks associated with low levels of alcohol consumption","volume":"8","author":"Anderson","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Public Health"},{"key":"R16-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)00847-9","article-title":"Population-level risks of alcohol consumption by amount, geography, age, sex, and year: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2020","volume":"400","author":"Bryazka","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"R19-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_873_19","article-title":"Alcohol consumption in India \u2013 An epidemiological review","volume":"9","author":"Eashwar","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Family Med Prim Care"},{"key":"R22-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0294392","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0294392","article-title":"Alcohol policies in India: A scoping review","volume":"18","author":"Schess","year":"2023","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"R30-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.4103\/0970-0218.62583","article-title":"Why do we need to control alcohol use through legislative measures? A south east Asia perspective?","volume":"35","author":"Saddichha","year":"2010","journal-title":"Indian J Community Med"},{"key":"R31-20260507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1017\/S147474562000035X","article-title":"Introducing the electronic database of investment treaties (EDIT): The genesis of a new database and its use","volume":"20","author":"Alschner","year":"2021","journal-title":"World Trade Review"}],"container-title":["Indian Journal of Community Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/ijcm.ijcm_579_25","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T16:26:08Z","timestamp":1786724768000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/ijcm.ijcm_579_25"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"references-count":11,"journal-issue":{"issue":"Suppl 2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/ijcm.ijcm_579_25","relation":{},"ISSN":["0970-0218","1998-3581"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0970-0218","type":"print"},{"value":"1998-3581","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-07-30","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-03-06","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}