{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T16:39:36Z","timestamp":1787071176415,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":8,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,4]],"date-time":"2024-12-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733270400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"\n The known risk factors for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are diabetes, obesity, unhealthy diet, lack of exercise, smoking, and excessive use of alcohol. The 10-year cardiovascular risk factor prevalence of hypertension, obesity, and diabetes mellitus is 55.8%, 14.4%, and 9.8%, respectively. Besides these known risk factors, other potential but less searched risk factors also need to be explored for better prevention of CVDs. To evaluate the association between\n Udavarta<\/jats:italic>\n (STC), changes in lead III of ECG, and heart disease score to demonstrate the earliest pathological changes in the heart. A cross-sectional observational study using a survey method to collect data from November 11, 2021 to January 5, 2022. The\n Udavarta<\/jats:italic>\n symptom score (USS) is associated with ECG changes in lead III (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n > 0.0098). The USS shows an association with\n the Hrudroga<\/jats:italic>\n (heart disease) symptom score: relative risk 1.83 (95% CI: 1.20\u20133.1), odds ratio 5.65 (95% CI: 1.06\u201330), and\n P<\/jats:italic>\n > 0.0385.\n Udavarta<\/jats:italic>\n (slow transit constipation) shows a strong association with heart disease symptom score and lead III ECG changes, and clinically is an equally contributing risk factor for the development of CVDs compared to the other risk factors. This study reports that the minimum duration of constipation for starting the development of heart diseases assessed by ECG is 3 months, and the maximum duration is 25 years. This study emphasizes that slow transit constipation is a risk factor for developing heart disease. Clinical research in this direction is warranted.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijcm.ijcm_646_23","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,3]],"date-time":"2024-12-03T09:00:11Z","timestamp":1733216411000},"page":"207-212","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Evaluating Electrochemical Marker for Udavarta (Slow Transit Constipation) and Risk of Cardiovascular Events: A Cross-Sectional Study"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"50","author":[{"given":"Divya","family":"Kajaria","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Kayachikitsa, All India Institute of Ayurveda, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Punam N.","family":"Khobarkar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Kayachikitsa, All India Institute of Ayurveda, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"R2-20260423","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e005195","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCOUTCOMES.118.005195","article-title":"Tackling the burden of cardiovascular diseases in India","volume":"12","author":"Abdul-Aziz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes"},{"key":"R3-20260423","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1186\/s12872-022-02683-w","article-title":"The prevalence and predictors of cardiovascular diseases in Kherameh cohort study: A population-based study on 10,663 people in southern Iran","volume":"22","author":"Baeradeh","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Cardiovasc Disord"},{"key":"R4-20260423","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0215219","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0215219","article-title":"Cardiovascular disease risk factor prevalence and estimated 10-year cardiovascular risk scores in Indonesia: The SMARThealth extend study","volume":"14","author":"Maharani","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"R5-20260423","first-page":"919","article-title":"Epidemiology and management of chronic constipation in elderly patients","volume":"10","author":"Vazquez Roque","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Interv Aging"},{"key":"R6-20260423","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5394096","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/5394096","article-title":"Implication of gut microbiota in cardiovascular diseases","volume":"2020","author":"Zhou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Oxid Med Cell Longev"},{"key":"R7-20260423","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1080982","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2023.1080982","article-title":"Constipation and cardiovascular disease: A two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis","volume":"10","author":"Dong","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Cardiovasc Med"},{"key":"R9-20260423","first-page":"421","article-title":"Constipation-induced pressor effects are triggers for cardiovascular events. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich, Conn","volume":"21","author":"Ishiyama","year":"2019","journal-title":")"},{"key":"R10-20260423","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2015.01.005","article-title":"Gut microbial and short-chain fatty acid profiles in adults with chronic constipation before and after treatment with lubiprostone","volume":"33","author":"Kang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Anaerobe"}],"container-title":["Indian Journal of Community Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/ijcm.ijcm_646_23","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T15:42:37Z","timestamp":1787067757000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/ijcm.ijcm_646_23"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,4]]},"references-count":8,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/ijcm.ijcm_646_23","relation":{},"ISSN":["0970-0218","1998-3581"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0970-0218","type":"print"},{"value":"1998-3581","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-09-11","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-04-12","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}